Sentences with phrase «when other genes»

Both genes turned out to be «transcription factors,» proteins that control how and when other genes are turned on or off.

Not exact matches

So far, its trials have shown it can improve outcomes when used alongside other multiple myeloma drugs and that could offer it some insulation if the market gets disrupted by new treatment approaches, such as gene therapy.

At some point, our ancestors» genes became more successful when the ones who knew how to reciprocate helping others had a tendency to survive longer.

This dataset contains millions of genomic sequences from a diverse set of rice varieties that, when combined with phenotyping observations, gene expression, and other information, provides an important step in establishing gene - trait associations, building predictive models, and applying these models to breeding.

When she tried counterpart genes from other plants to see if they worked better in the rice, the gene from maize came up trumps.

It is believed to have an epigenetic function, regulating other genes by switching them off when necessary.

When a new gene arises on the X chromosome (males have one X chromosome and females two) it is likely to cease functioning much faster than genes that arise on other chromosomes.

While they don't have definite answers, besides having good genes, Kawas said, the answer is probably a combination of being resilient to Alzheimer's Disease and also that they did not develop other dementia - causing conditions, such as microscopic infarctions that occur when blood flow is blocked from certain regions of the brain and hippocampal sclerosis, which causes neuron loss.

«In addition, changes in how the genes are expressed (turned on or off) could be used in the future to predict how and when the cancer cells will spread to other parts of the body and how fast they will grow.»

The disorder arises when some or all of an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present, but exactly how this additional set of genes disrupts development, leading to learning difficulties and other symptoms of Down's, isn't clear.

When the team induced expression of the corresponding gene in the leaves of two other plant species (one closely related to S. lycopersicum and the other more distantly related), both plants reacted to presence of the C. reflexa peptide with increased production of ethylene, and exhibited increased resistance to C. reflexa infestation.

Other researchers have identified dozens of genes, all related to the growth and spread of cancer, that become over - or undermethylated when the disease gets under way.

The initiative, called Safe Genes, comes at a time when so - called «gene drive» systems, which override the standard rules of gene inheritance and natural selection, are raising hopes among some scientists that the technology could alter or suppress populations of disease - carrying insects or other pests in as few as 20 generations.

To ensure novel genes can not be translated if they get passed on to other organisms, the team would have to go a step further and reassign the freed - up codons so a different amino acid to normal is added to a protein when they occur.

PARP inhibitors are used primarily to treat tumors linked to defects in BRCA genes, but may show promise in other cancers when combined with other drugs.

When an altered X chromosome is passed down to female offspring, Gantz reasoned, the gene drive should convert the normal X from the other parent into one with a broken yellow gene.

The gene known as RD26 is activated, on the other hand, when plants are challenged with drought stress, Yin said.

Vogelstein, Kenneth Kinzler, and other colleagues found a minor change in the APC gene, which normally holds cell growth in check and can cause colon cancers when mutated.

Angelman syndrome, which causes learning difficulties, speech problems, seizures, jerky movements and an unusually happy disposition, results when a gene inherited from the mother in a particular area of chromosome 15 is mutated and the other copy of the gene, inherited from the father, is silenced.

When researchers like Barzilai have looked for genes that might account for the extreme longevity of the centenarians they study, they have typically found that the genes that stand out in one long - lived population do not do so in others.

In conjunction with each other, these components help to coordinate when and where SPI1 and SPI1 genes are expressed, in phases that match the steps in Salmonella's infection strategy.

The results, which focus on two choices near the start of embryo formation, show that, when cells are making decisions about what to become, there is greater variation in the activity of the genes in different cells — the same genes may be turned on in some cells and off in others.

Just how this process happens is not understood, but scientists suspect that when BRCA1 goes awry, it causes a cascade of malfunctions in other genes.

They homed in on one gene that was expressed in the brain and significantly turned down in the PTSD - like mice when compared to other mice.

When she tried counterpart genes from other plants to see if they worked better in the rice, the gene from maize came up trumps.

If the other gene were located on the part of the circle that was copied last, the ratio of KinA to Spo0F would be one - to - one only when DNA replication was nearly completed.

That in turn could help determine when humans interbred with archaic hominids on other continents — such as Neandertals in Europe and Denisovans in Asia — whose genes linger in the DNA of some modern people (SN: 6/13/15, p. 11).

They looked at other genes that interacted with TAK1 kinase including activators and inhibitors of the TAK1 pathway and found that most of them also affected regeneration, but only when worms were infected.

Using an innovative crystallization technique for studying three - dimensional structures of gene transcription machinery, an international team of researchers, led by scientists at Penn State, has revealed new insights into the long debated action of the «magic spot» — a molecule that controls gene expression in Eschericahia coli and many other bacteria when the bacteria are stressed.

All of this means that even when Hamer or some other researcher finds the gene in question and a prenatal genetic test for the gene becomes possible, such a test will offer little more than a hint about the future sexual orientation of the fetus.

With these new results in hand, researchers should have a better handle on gene flow when canola is modified in other ways, says herbicide physiologist Linda Hall of the University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Histones and other proteins, when modified by this process known as acetylation, play critical roles in regulation of gene expression, typically resulting in increased gene expression.

When scientists use CRISPR / Cas 9 to insert genes, there could be unintended effects or mutations in other parts of the genome.

Remarkably, when the researchers manipulated the activity of these three genes, almost all of the other genes in the network were corrected, pointing to novel therapeutic targets for CAVD.

What is so encouraging about the first successful unpicking of a wheat gene that confers resistance to a devastating fungal disease is the promise it holds for deciphering other resistance genes, en route to a natural barrier to infection, at a time when the fungus has already developed tolerance to most types of fungicides.

Genes may carry information for building proteins, but a host of other factors, including the DNA between genes that doesn't encode proteins, tells them when to make their protGenes may carry information for building proteins, but a host of other factors, including the DNA between genes that doesn't encode proteins, tells them when to make their protgenes that doesn't encode proteins, tells them when to make their proteins.

When they screened other, similar fruit fly genes, though, the scientists found one that did.

I think about that scene when I hear the way many of my environmentalist friends talk about genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, an ill - fitting term that has come to stand for plants, animals and other living things whose genes have been directly manipulated in the lab using the techniques of modern biotechnology.

What we were surprised to find out was that the real differences we could detect in terms of when we did the swap experiments to say which yeast could outperform the other — what we learned was that the GAL1 gene, that the part [of] that, the DNA sequence is outside of the GAL1 gene, it acts as a switch to turn up or turn down GAL1 expression, that had evolved considerably from the ancestral situation; and same for the GAL3.And then what had happened was that each function had been optimized, that GAL3 had sort have been tuned to be sort of a loosely regulated kind of available anytime sensor of galactose and GAL1 had evolved to be an incredibly tightly regulated, in fact, it's the most tightly regulated gene you know of in yeast.

When Kaufman, Zon and colleagues looked to see what was different about these early cancer cells, they found that crestin and the other activated genes are the same ones turned on during zebrafish embryonic development — specifically, in the stem cells that give rise to the pigment cells known as melanocytes, within a structure called the neural crest.

But when hybrids go on to breed with each other, their offspring inherit different combinations of the original parent species» genes.

Steve: The changes were in those other sequences that determine how those genes get expressed, when they get turned on and off and in what numbers.

How many other genes congregate like this when they get turned off?

Using the recently completed tomato genome sequence they then identified the gene as SlGLK2 — a so - called transcription factor, which controls when and where other genes are switched on or off.

It is only when these same cognate TFs act as noncognate TFs for other genes, or that new binding sites in the promoter drastically increase the number of noncognate binding configurations, that crosstalk constraints become clear.

Laurent Keller at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland and Kenneth Ross at the University of Georgia, Athens, were scanning the genes of various populations of fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) when they noticed something strange: Queen ants who had their own colonies carried two copies of the dominant variety of a particular gene — they were homozygous for the variety, that is — while those who shared a nest with other queens were heterozygous, carrying only one copy.

She hopes to pinpoint which genes are expressed in each cell type when brain cells make long distance connections, and to make similar maps in other primates to chart what changed as brains rewired over the course of evolution.

But he adds that genes are «team players,» and that SNVs that are benign in isolation could cause disease when accompanied by other detrimental variants.

When they compared S. typhimurium's 4300 genes to those of eight other gut - wrenching microbes, including ones that infect birds or reptiles and not humans, they found about 350 genes unique to the microbes that infect warm - blooded organisms.

«This gene is active only in fat tissue and no other tissue when it comes to its effect on type 2 diabetes,» noted Civelek, of UVA's Department of Biomedical Engineering and UVA's Center for Public Health Genomics.