Sentences with phrase «when photoreceptor»

When these photoreceptors detect light, they send a signal to specialized neurons in the retina called retinal ganglion cells, or RGCs, which then transmit visual information to the brain by firing electrical pulses along the optic nerve.

«For age - related macular degeneration, the best timing might be when the photoreceptors have lost function but haven't yet died off,» she says.

When photoreceptors in the retina of the eye detect light, they relay the information toward the brain's primary visual cortex for image processing.

Not exact matches

When light enters the retina, photoreceptor cells translate it into electrical signals.

Ironically, Neitz had once rejected this idea because it failed to explain why people lacking a certain type of photoreceptor still showed normal sensitivity when exposed to that shade of light.

When mice ate chow containing tamoxifen (about six to eight times the dose usually given to humans), the microglia didn't overreact and the photoreceptors were spared, the researchers found.

When we see a colour, our brains determine what it is by comparing how much the three photoreceptors respond.

«If we could perhaps modulate these pathways and prolong survival of photoreceptor cells, we might be able to delay any further degeneration even when intervening at these later stages of disease.»

But when they are nicely aligned with the female, and in the correct position to mate, the photoreceptor cells are totally covered and the response stops, says Arikawa.

When you block the photoreceptor, the response drop can not be experienced by the male.

Thus, when there is a lot of blue light (as when the sun is overhead), this particular photoreceptor prompts the suprachiasmatic nucleus to tell the pineal gland not to make much melatonin, and so we stay awake.

Unlike typical bird photoreceptor proteins that change shape when they absorb light energy, cryptochrome generates free electrons when it absorbs light.

The pigment is needed by photoreceptor cells — the retina's light - sending rods and cones — and when RPE65 is mutated, the photoreceptor cells gradually die.

All spectral classes respond faster with light adaptation, but the highest response speeds are attained by green photoreceptors, followed by blue, and then UV, both of which are significantly slower than green photoreceptors, even when fully light - adapted.

They assessed gene activity at time points known to correspond with key phases of disease: the «induction phase,» the time before the peak level of photoreceptor cell death; the «execution phase,» when the highest rates of photoreceptor cell death occur; and the «chronic phase,» during which photoreceptor cell death continues at somewhat reduced levels.

Typically, when light passes through the transparent tissue of the retina and strikes photoreceptors, they initiate electrochemical signals that propagate forward through a layer of bipolar cells to ganglion cells.

«When horizontal cells are blocked from being formed — the immediate consequence of knocking out Onecut1 — the photoreceptors don't get what they need to survive, so they degenerate and die later on.»

The illness occurs when a DNA mutation within one of the genes affects the normal ocular development or induces photoreceptor — the cones and rods - degeneration.

When transplanted to the subretinal space of mice lacking functional photoreceptors, human embryonic stem cells directed toward a retinal lineage integrate into the outer nuclear layer, express photoreceptor markers, and restore a light response as determined by the electroretinogram (ERG)[5].

In particular we are interested to unravel the mechanisms that ensure the maintenance of the apical membrane when exposed to physical stress, e. g. during morphogenesis of epithelial tissues, or when exposed to light stress in photoreceptor cells, using Drosophila and zebrafish as model organisms.

Using the Mfrprd6 model, and others with similar protein localization and phenotypes when mutated, we hope to gain a better understanding of how RPE cells affect photoreceptor development and the process of phagocytosis.

This work, appearing March 23 in Science, also suggests that when the first ancestral primate inherited a new type of photoreceptor more than 40 million years ago, it probably experienced immediate color enhancement, which may have allowed this trait to spread quickly.

Melatonin production is suppressed when the retinal ganglion cells of the eye detect sunlight and produce the photoreceptor melanopsin.

The retina is normal when viewed with an ophthalmoscope, but there is a loss of photoreceptor activity as evidenced by a diminished electroretinogram (ERG).