As late April is the peak of this critical spring feeding period for most polar bear populations, this is
when sea ice conditions are also critical.
Scientists at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), University College London, University of New Hampshire and University of Washington analyzed 300 summer Arctic sea ice forecasts from 2008 to 2013 and found that forecasts are quite accurate
when sea ice conditions are close to the downward trend that has been observed in Arctic sea ice for the last 30 years.
Not exact matches
One is changed environmental
conditions for a discrete subpopulation of the original population, such as
when ice ages cause dramatic changes in
sea levels, cutting species into subgroups.
During the later period,
when there was less
sea ice, the whales dove significantly longer and deeper than in the earlier period — presumably in search of prey as the animals, in turn, changed their habits because of different ocean
conditions brought on by
sea ice loss.
The study starts with observations of eroding
ice sheets spreading, cooler freshwater at both ends of the planet and geological hints of tempestuous
conditions toward the end of the Eemian, that last interval between
ice ages
when global temperatures and
seas were higher than now.
When Arctic researchers start investing in floating buoys to study polar ocean dynamics (instead of devices that sit on the
sea ice), that's surely a sign of a
sea change in
conditions and thinking.
The animated
sea -
ice imagery above — from one of two autonomous cameras set on
ice near the North Pole each spring — gives a close - focus view of the slushy
conditions that develop on the shifting
ice when the summer sun is at its peak.
In 1992
when breakup of
sea ice was delayed by 25 days, the body
condition of all ringed seals declined.
During their work as part of the Norwegian - led research project Norwegian Young
Sea Ice Cruise (N - ICE2015), an expedition launched to observe Arctic sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke
Sea Ice Cruise (N - ICE2015), an expedition launched to observe Arctic sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke
Ice Cruise (N -
ICE2015), an expedition launched to observe Arctic sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke
ICE2015), an expedition launched to observe Arctic
sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke
sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke
ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments
when the
ice broke
ice broke up.
That would put it in latter part of the Little
Ice Age when I imagine sea ice and glaciers must have been significantly advanced (Schneider quotes Pope Alexander IV on what must have been similar ice conditions around Greenland in 149
Ice Age
when I imagine
sea ice and glaciers must have been significantly advanced (Schneider quotes Pope Alexander IV on what must have been similar ice conditions around Greenland in 149
ice and glaciers must have been significantly advanced (Schneider quotes Pope Alexander IV on what must have been similar
ice conditions around Greenland in 149
ice conditions around Greenland in 1492).
Regardless of
when icefree
conditions are actually reached, it is clear that rapid Arctic
sea ice loss is already underway and will continue for the foreseeable future.
In those studies,
sea ice exhibits nonlinear behavior such that when it is reduced below a certain threshold (the «Small Ice Cap Instability» threshold), the model sea ice abruptly reverts to year - round ice - free conditio
ice exhibits nonlinear behavior such that
when it is reduced below a certain threshold (the «Small
Ice Cap Instability» threshold), the model sea ice abruptly reverts to year - round ice - free conditio
Ice Cap Instability» threshold), the model
sea ice abruptly reverts to year - round ice - free conditio
ice abruptly reverts to year - round
ice - free conditio
ice - free
conditions.
When scientists compare average
sea ice conditions between years, they often use a 30 - year reference period of 1981 to 2010.
«
When IP25 [proxy for
sea ice] is absent, lack or very low abundance of phytoplankton biomarkers reflects permanent
sea -
ice coverage, whereas elevated abundance of phytoplankton markers reflects
ice - free
conditions.
This overshoot is caused predominantly by the reduction of the meltwater in the northern North Atlantic associated with the retreat of the large amount of
sea ice, an effect that becomes dominant
when the subpolar North Atlantic is covered by
sea ice as in the glacial
condition.
Sea ice conditions determine
when sealers begin hunting in areas that include the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and the much larger hunt on the Front off northern Newfoundland.
But a reminder, you are doing V&V on the dynamic core, the bottom boundary
conditions (like orography), each individual parameterization (e.g. radiative transfer, convection, boundary layer, clouds, etc), and in the case of coupled models the ocean module, the
sea ice module, the land process module, the aerosol module (and in future the
ice sheet module), in stand alone mode as well as
when coupled in the climate model.