Sentences with phrase «when warm surface waters»

When warm surface waters are shallow (left), cold water reaches the sea surface, greatly diminishing a hurricane's intensity.

The opposite occurred in 1997 and 1998, when warm surface waters in the Pacific Ocean brought about by El Niño pushed rainfall systems north, leaving parts of the southern and eastern Amazon forest dry and prone to fires.

Not exact matches

«When the weather fluctuates between warm and cold and in bodies of water where there are currents underneath the ice, it can weaken the surface of the ice and make it dangerously fragile even though it seems to be frozen solid,» said Joe Pecoraro, manager of the Park District's Beaches and Pools Unit, who narrated the demonstration.

In a paper published in Geophysical Research Letters, researchers found that interactions between methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the early Martian atmosphere may have created warm periods when the planet could support liquid water on the surface.

The Michigan Tech chamber works differently due to cloud mixing between a hot and cold surface, the same process that forms clouds or fog over a lake on fall days when the water temperature is warmer than the air temperature.

The Michigan Tech chamber creates clouds through cloud mixing between a hot and cold surface — the same process that forms fog over Portage Lake on fall days when the water temperature is warmer than the air temperature.

In spring, using the Great Lakes as an example, the cold surface waters begin to warm; when they reach 4 °, they become dense enough to sink.

Since the surface is a few tenths of a degree cooler than the water below, when a wave breaks, the warmer water beneath (orange and red) mixes with the cooler water above (blue and violet).

But for reasons that are still not clear, this pattern is broken every three to seven years, when the winds and currents reverse and the warm surface waters spread east towards the Americas, taking the rain with them.

Here is what scientists think is happening: when Ceres swings through the part of its orbit that is closer to the sun, a portion of its icy surface becomes warm enough to cause water vapor to escape in plumes at a rate of about 6 kilograms (13 pounds) per second.

11 Activity peaks this month, when ocean - surface waters are warmest.

But sea surface temperatures in tropical areas are now warmer during today's La Niña years (when the water is typically cooler) than during El Niño events 40 years ago, says study coauthor Terry Hughes, a coral researcher at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia.

One intriguing possibility: If fluid water does persist on Mars, life that might have thrived there millions of years ago, when the climate was warmer and wetter, could be hanging on in thin layers of salty water just beneath the surface.

Warm and saline water transported poleward cools at the surface when it reaches high latitudes and becomes denser and subsequently sinks into the deep ocean.

An El Niño happens when warm water spreads across the surface of the Pacific, pushing rainfall to the east and causing floods in the Americas and drought in Australia.

Today, researchers use the term El Niño only for those periods when the surface water around the equator in the eastern and central Pacific warms for an extended period of time.

The research published in Nature Communications found that in the past, when ocean temperatures around Antarctica became more layered - with a warm layer of water below a cold surface layer - ice sheets and glaciers melted much faster than when the cool and warm layers mixed more easily.

It is harvested from the surface of the water where it forms when winds are calm and the weather is warm.

Flannery and other scientific writers have identified 1976 as the year when the earth's climate took a serious turn under specifically human influences, when the ocean's surface waters warmed and its salt content fell.

Under normal conditions upwelling of cold CO2 - rich water from depth leads to outgassing when upwelled water warms at the surface.

Their argument is that tropical Cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) clouds procuce less high - level cirrus - cloud outflow when sea surface temperatures (SST's) are warmer and atmospheric water vapor is higher.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

eadler2 January 10, 2015 at 5:54 pm ... When ocean surface temperatures cool, due to a La Nina, the warmer surface water is mixed deeper into the ocean and cooler ocean water flows along the surface of the Pacific.

When ocean surface temperatures cool, due to a La Nina, the warmer surface water is mixed deeper into the ocean and cooler ocean water flows along the surface of the Pacific.

East Coast winter storms, known as «nor» easters» because of the unusual northeasterly direction of the winds as the storm spirals in from the south, are unusual in that they derive their energy not just from large contrasts in temperature that drive most extratropical storm systems, but also from the energy released when water evaporates from the (relatively warm) ocean surface into the atmosphere.

When the cold, upwelling water mingles with the surface, the warmer temperature will tend to move the equilibrium to the CaCO3 side of the solubility equation.

17 El Nino verses La Nina El Niño La Niña Trade winds weaken Warm ocean water replaces offshore cold water near South America Irregular intervals of three to seven years Wetter than average winters in NC La Niña Normal conditions between El Nino events When surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific are colder than average The southern US is usually warmer and dryer in climate

That water vapor that turned into snow clouds causing snow was generated from a warmer surface, from when the snow landed back on it.

Stuart L I am a stupid layman, but wonder about the effects of water vapour (clouds) when I lived in the UK cloud conditions would cause the temps to be milder (warmer) here in Philippines cloud causes cooler conditions, how can one calculate the overall effect on the earths surface?.

Climate Alchemy and probably most scientists not taught chemical thermodynamics don't realise that the main heat transfer term in the oceans is the partial molar enthalpy transferred when the fresh, cold water sinking from melting ice in the Antarctic and Arctic summers is made more saline when it mixes with the warmer, more saline surface water for which solar energy has partially unmixed the ions.

When there is a relaxation of trade winds, the warm water in the West Pacific Warm Pool sloshes to the east and speads across the surface and there's an El Nino event, which is the discharge mwarm water in the West Pacific Warm Pool sloshes to the east and speads across the surface and there's an El Nino event, which is the discharge mWarm Pool sloshes to the east and speads across the surface and there's an El Nino event, which is the discharge mode.

''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»

Much of it is forced down and it flows back to the east at 200 metres depth and when the warm water surfaces at the Galapogos Islands in 9 months (replaceing the water which is flowing east - west at the surface), it starts to slow down the Trade Winds because of the convection effect.

Melting takes place when ice's surface is exposed to air or water that's warmer than freezing.

When the Walker circulation weakens or reverses, an El Niño results, causing the ocean surface to be warmer than average, as upwelling of cold water occurs less or not at all.

When the intensity of ultraviolet light from the sun increases, temperature rises in this ozone rich air and weakens the downdraft, lowers the surface pressure and with it the strength of the trade winds that blow across the ocean to the low pressure zones that form over the warm waters that accumulate in the west.

When four hurricanes of extraordinary strength tore through Florida last fall, there was little media attention paid to the fact that hurricanes are made more intense by warming ocean surface waters.

Back radiation can not be added to solar flux when determining the surface temperature and, in fact, it does not penetrate warmer water by more than a few nanometres.

When ENSO is in La Niña, the Pacific trade winds blow true and strong causing sun warmed surface water to pile up against Australia and Indonesia.

With 2), there's still something I don't get... and this applies just as much to your answer as to any answers you would get from climate science, since clouds are clouds (i.e droplets of water), and water vapour is a gas, so their back - radiation explanation doesn't even apply in the case of clouds (not saying it physically could apply anywhere but hopefully you get what I mean)... what I don't get is, you liken them to a blanket, but a blanket is next to you, clouds are separated from the surface by quite a bit of atmosphere — so why is it warmer the next morning at the surface when the clouds are there?

When the colder upwelled water spreads across the surface as in the PDO cold phase, the warmer surface water area is reduced and the warm water gets deeper.

And part of it caused by the warm surface waters being blown back to the west when the trade winds resume after the El Niño.

But when the surface waters of the Pacific do heat up beyond a certain point, El Nino conditions arise, the eastern trade winds strengthen and pump the warm tropical surface water, first across the Pacific and then to the poles.

Air containing water in vapour form will rise higher than dry air because it is lighter so when the vapour is removed it must fall back to its «correct» height but because of the air around it becoming warmer as it descends it will remain too dense for its height until it reaches the ground and receives more energy from the irradiated surface.

This is the power stroke of the pump, when the trade winds strip the warm surface waters off and push them westwards.

When surface winds are strong, they stir the Southern Ocean and lift the warm water (red) onto the continental shelf where the additional heat contributes to melt of the ice shelf.

But when the cycle reverses, and deep ocean waters cycle back toward the surface, the warming increase will continue on as the long term observed trend has shown.

As regards a warming of the ocean skin, evaporation is a continuous process caused by temperaure, density and pressure (not just temperature) differentials between water and air so that the rate of evaporation accelerates when a water surface is warmed such as from the warming effect of extra greenhouse gases (especially if the air is dry).

Apologies if this has already been stated, but my view on decreased Arctic ice cover is: - 1, as Judith pointed out, when ice is at a minimum the sun is already so low in the sky that there is no noticeable change to albedo, 2 when there is ice cover warm water is kept at depth by differences in salinity, When there is open water, storms mix the haline layers bringing warm water to the surface where it can more readily radiate it's energy into outer spwhen ice is at a minimum the sun is already so low in the sky that there is no noticeable change to albedo, 2 when there is ice cover warm water is kept at depth by differences in salinity, When there is open water, storms mix the haline layers bringing warm water to the surface where it can more readily radiate it's energy into outer spwhen there is ice cover warm water is kept at depth by differences in salinity, When there is open water, storms mix the haline layers bringing warm water to the surface where it can more readily radiate it's energy into outer spWhen there is open water, storms mix the haline layers bringing warm water to the surface where it can more readily radiate it's energy into outer space.

When cold surface water no longer sinks into the depths, a deeper layer of warm ocean water can travel across the continental shelf and reach the bases of glaciers, retaining its heat as the cold waters remain above.