Sentences with phrase «where albedo»

Increases in forest cover generally cause cooling in the tropics where the ET effect dominates (Claussen et al. 2001) and warming in mid - and high - latitudes where the albedo effect is strong (Betts 2000).

With conduction changes crossed off, a decrease in outward radiation would be due to a decreased albedo, where albedo represents reflection across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

Stopping tropical deforestation and increasing tree planting in REDD + countries, where the albedo effect is smaller than the carbon effect, makes sense from an energy balance point of view.

I have issues with the second tier where albedo decrease is lumped in with CO2 effects.

summer is where the albedo effect of the ice comes into play and the loss of ice significantly changes the amount of energy absorbed in the system.»

My value of 0.75 (giving a surface temperature of 299K where albedo and atmospheric absorption are zero) may even be too high for a rocky dry planet without water, vegetation or greenhouse gases.

We may eventually reach a point where albedo hacking becomes necessary, but field experimentation poses its own risks unless an international oversight framework is first established.

All of this is reason for everyone and his brother, aunt and sister to greatly reduce their own GHG emissions, and to scream bloody murder till every corporation, institution and governmental body they have any influence over to immediately institute policies to rapidly bring down GHG emissions and look at reliable ways of drawing down atmospheric CO2 levels directly (especially replanting grasslands in the north, tree planting toward the equator where albedo change is not an issue).

Ian, I'm guessing, probably because the total area of the atmosphere and Arctic ice, where albedo makes a large difference, is so much larger than the total area on which people can paint things with reflective paint (even if we get paint the exact «color» of the infrared bands in which the atmosphere is transparent — «Hello paint store?

Is there a point in global warming where albedo would suddenly increase instead of decreasing?

The Arctic sea ice melting out above 75N would have almost no impact at all if that is the forcing change of glaciers down to Chicago and sea ice down to 45N (at lower latitudes where the Albedo has much more impact).

Not exact matches

They found that in regions where the amount of snowfall was low and any snow that did settle was sublimating away, enough dust would have accumulated to change the surface albedo sufficiently so that the Earth absorbed sunlight and thawed (Journal of Geophysical Research — Atmospheres, DOI: 10.1029 / 2009jd012007, in press).

Over the current century, the model projects that the average albedo for the entire ice sheet will fall by as much as 8 percent, and by as much 10 percent on the western edge, where the ice is darkest today.

The impact of grain size on albedo — the ratio between reflected and incoming solar radiation — is strong in the infrared range, where humans can't see, but satellite instruments can detect the change.

«In future climate scenarios, where even more melting is predicted, it is crucial that we are able to better discriminate between all factors affecting albedo.»

The research showed that, compared to pure snow and ice, the reflectivity of the glacier (known as the «albedo») can be reduced by up to 80 % in places where coloured microbial populations are extremely dense, leading to the darkening of the glacier surface.

where A = ~ 0.3 is the albedo, I = 1365W / m ^ 2 is the solar irradiance, s = 5.67 x 10 - 8 W m2K4 is the Stefan - Boltzmann constant, T = 288K is the average Earth temperature.

For starters, one simply can not equate the positive feedback effect of melting ice (both reduced albedo and increased water vapor) from that of leaving maximum ice to that of minimum ice where the climate is now (and is during every interglacial period).

This chemical weathering process is too slow to damp out shorter - term fluctuations, and there are some complexities — glaciation can enhance the mechanical erosion that provides surface area for chemical weathering (some of which may be realized after a time delay — ie when the subsequent warming occurs — dramatically snow in a Snowball Earth scenario, where the frigid conditions essentially shut down all chemical weathering, allowing CO2 to build up to the point where it thaws the equatorial region, at which point runaway albedo feedback drives the Earth into a carbonic acid sauna, which ends via rapid carbonate rock formation), while lower sea level may increase the oxidation of organic C in sediments but also provide more land surface for erosion... etc..

I can't tell where you got the figure but -3.5 W / m2 is about right for current understanding of «boundary condition» land albedo change between pre-industrial and LGM.

This orbits places the planet near the inner edge of its host star's habitable zone, where liquid water could exist in liquid form under favorable conditions such as an albedo of 0.52 with an orbital eccentricity of 0.11 and more than 52 percent cloud cover under a sufficiently dense atmosphere of water, carbon dioxide, and molecular nitrogen like Earth's (ESO science release; Pepe et al, 2011; and Kaltenegger et al, 2011 — more below).

[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

A conceptual model is presented where, through a number of synergistic processes and positive feedbacks, changes in the ultraviolet / blue flux alter the dimethyl sulphide flux to the atmosphere, and in turn the number of cloud condensation nuclei, cloud albedo, and thus sea surface temperature.

This was a relatively stable climate (for several thousand years, 20,000 years ago), and a period where we have reasonable estimates of the radiative forcing (albedo changes from ice sheets and vegetation changes, greenhouse gas concentrations (derived from ice cores) and an increase in the atmospheric dust load) and temperature changes.

I can't tell where you got the figure but -3.5 W / m2 is about right for current understanding of «boundary condition» land albedo change between pre-industrial and LGM.

A typo in mine at # 25 is where 40,000 m3 should read 400,000 m3, and an addendum is the reference for the forcing from the Albedo Loss feedback shown in the satellite record: «Observational determination of albedo decrease caused by vanishing Arctic sea ice» See: http://eisenman.ucsd.edu/publications/Pistone-Eisenman-Ramanathan-20Albedo Loss feedback shown in the satellite record: «Observational determination of albedo decrease caused by vanishing Arctic sea ice» See: http://eisenman.ucsd.edu/publications/Pistone-Eisenman-Ramanathan-20albedo decrease caused by vanishing Arctic sea ice» See: http://eisenman.ucsd.edu/publications/Pistone-Eisenman-Ramanathan-2014.pdf

The changes in total insolation resulting from spreading ice (and the accompanying change in albedo) by themselves are no where near enough to drop temperatures by the amount needed.

where Te is in kelvins, S is the Solar constant, A the Earth's bolometric Bond albedo, and sigma the Stefan - Boltzmann constant.

I even saw mention of experiments where humidity determined the size at which dust clustered — and how this further affects what is called the «imaginary index of refraction» at different wavelengths — which no doubt plays an important role in determining the associated albedo and greenhouse effect.

The mechanism which they claim to have identified is actually the opposite of what Lindzen described, where he claimed that clouds would increase as the result of the greenhouse effect and their albedo effect would hold down temperatures, but in the tropics the clouds that Spencer et al were dealing with presumably become fewer in number.

This is of particular concern to scientists because of the albedo effect, where the replacement of highly reflective sea ice with darker open water greatly increases heat absorbed from sunlight.

As for the Sun, well, like AnnaV I consider that the 2 by far most important factors in climate evolution is the cloudiness because it governs albedo and the large scale oceans» behaviour because that's where the energy is Again you are so angry at the AGW crowd, that you miss the whole point: the all - important clouds and albedo vary together, but do not vary with the solar cycle, as far as our observations go, e.g. http://www.leif.org/research/cloud-cover.png and http://www.leif.org/research/albedo.png

One of the biggest concerns is that these sudden forests will decrease the albedo (literally «whiteness») of the tundra where snow cover bounces solar radiation back into the atmosphere creating a cooling effect.

The sub arctic snow in winter primarilly falls on land where it can remain in situ and have a major contribution to albedo effects.

i.e. sigma Ts ^ 4 = S (1 - a) / (1 - lambda / 2) where lambda is the atmospheric emissivity, a is the albedo (0.7), S the incident solar flux (340 W / m ^ 2), sigma is the SB coefficient and Ts is the surface temperature (288K).

Albedo is the effect where light colored surfaces reflect light and dark colored surfaces absorb light.

Finally, at any given moment the ice tends to hang out where the sun can't reach... and ice increases in those areas don't change the albedo.

The snow is a result of the open Arctic, but the snow falls at lower latitudes and increases Albedo where it does make a difference.

The largest warming is not occurring where the black carbon is, so that's a clue about its effect relative to GHGs and albedo.

The main point is that for a spherical body in radiative thermal equilibrium with the sun, where absorptivity = emissivity, then the temperature is independent of albedo and emissivity, because they cancel out of the equation.

6) The main cloud bands move more poleward to regions where solar insolation is less intense and total global albedo declines via a reduction in global cloud cover due to shorter lines of air mass mixing.

If we had snow on the ground it would be much colder because of the albedo effect, and any warming that is happening right now is due to the fact that the snowless surface is absorbing energy, where a snow covered surface would be reflecting the energy back into space.

16) The main cloud bands move more equatorward to regions where insolation is more intense and total global albedo increases once more due to longer lines of air mass mixing.

Do you know where to find actual measurements of the Earth's albedo?

Black asphalt roofs and paving redouble the solar heat load in areas where impermeable ground limits evaporative heat dissipation, and run off often gathers in water features with albedos as low as the asphalt surrounding them.

In some way, that's the engine where all the other variations must be hanged (specially variations in albedo because of clouds - maybe connected with solar cycles as other authors are trying to prove -, variations in albedo because of sea ice extention, linked with the oceanic currents - as in the «stadium wave» that was presented by Curry and others, etc., variations in heat exchange between atmosphere and oceans, and so on.

If Anthony had been familiar with the area, he would have known that Longyearbyen and Svalbard Lufthavn have no sun between 27th October and 15th of February (3.5 months, or almost 1/3 of the time), with the result that the albedo part of the AHI - effect would be zero in that whole period, in comparison to summer months, where there will be an albedo effect 24 hrs a day.

It's used on p. 116 where we read «Earth's albedo is on the order of.3, leading to a blackbody temperature of 255K.

Where I am now is albedo is a synonym for «reflectivity» or a «coefficent of reflectivity».