But building retrofits can go only so far in a country
where coal fuels 70 percent of the energy consumption.
But in the Midwest and South,
where coal fuels the bulk of electricity generation, a hybrid produces less CO2 than an electric car.
Not exact matches
While the cost of electricity from
coal and gas will go up and down given the volatility of the markets for those
fuels, we can enter into a 20 year contract for renewable energy
where we know what we'll be paying for the electricity today and in 2033.»
«We can in fact help other parts of the world reduce their greenhouse gas emissions dramatically by providing them with lower - carbon
fuels in other parts of the world
where they are using very high - carbon
fuels like
coal.»
Methanol production is also experiencing a global resurgence, particularly in China
where the finished product — typically extracted from solid waste / biomass, but also from natural gas and
coal feedstocks — is widely used in chemical production and industrial processes, as well as in blended vehicle
fuel.
In a major blow to the government's plans to develop «clean»
coal technology (
where fossil
fuels are burnt and the emissions stored underground), the company have postponed the project.
The report by the Mumbai - based Conservation Action Trust is the first comprehensive examination of the link between fine particle pollution and health problems in India,
where coal is the
fuel of choice and energy demands are skyrocketing.
In emerging markets,
where the great majority of the world's populace resides,
coal is the
fuel of choice.
There's scant evidence that well - meaning efforts to raise public awareness and will around the climate challenge will engender willingness to abandon the
fuels of convenience —
coal and oil — particularly
where expanded energy use matters most, in the fast - growing nations of the developing world.
They should include people in gas country,
where federal studies hopefully will soon clarify ways to responsibly expand extraction of a vital
fuel (if you care even remotely about moving away from oil or limiting emissions from
coal - burning power plants).
Of course, the energy mix used also matters — emissions vary depending on
where the solar modules are made, perhaps also
where nuclear
fuel is mined, how far oil and
coal must be transported, etc..
It's good old fashioned black carbon soot — a visible pollutant with measurable effects on human health both in poor places,
where it comes from cooking or heating using
coal, firewood or dung, and rich countries,
where it is produced mainly through the combustion of diesel and similar
fuels and from some industries.
China had seen slowdowns in the growth in electricity supplies recently, often because of shortages of
coal or the ability to get the
fuel where it was needed.
There is a reasonable accomplishment
where conventional cars are well engineered as hybrids, but stop there until the
coal is no longer the
fuel involved.
Obama «expects fossil
fuels, and
coal specifically, to remain a significant contributor for some time,» Moniz told Reuters in Vienna,
where he was to attend a nuclear security conference.
The
fuel, a particularly costly and dirty energy source whose carbon dioxide emissions are second only to burning
coal, lit up four antiquated generators on an island
where power outages are common.
The regulation has been softened since but still operates to push renewable projects to more remote areas
where they can compete with high - cost
fuel like diesel, and makes them uncompetitive in areas like Java
where they compete with low - cost, abundant
coal.
«An unknown amount of wood will be required for co-firing in
coal plants, with estimates for Ohio alone,
where the State's Public Utilities Commission has approved over 2,100 MW of biomass power, of about 20 million tons of wood required for
fuel annually»
I put in a few particulars that have not been disputed (e.g. places
where coal production and fossil
fuel consumption are up.)
Kentucky Power on Aug. 28, in a twice - yearly
fuel report filed at the Kentucky Public Service Commission, was essentially making the last such report
where its 800 - MW,
coal - fired Big Sandy Unit 2 ran for the full period before being retired.
Backing out fossil
fuels begins with the electricity sector,
where the development of 5,153 gigawatts of new renewable generating capacity by 2020, over half of it from wind, would be more than enough to replace all the
coal and oil and 70 percent of the natural gas now used to generate electricity.
NATURALLY OCCURRING METHANE CAPTURE — Methane emissions may occur from land areas
where coal or other high concentrations of un-extracted fossil
fuels are present underground, resulting in a naturally occurring source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
The SO2 / BC ratio for industrial
coal is much higher than that for the other emission categories,
where the
fuel has little sulfur or more efficient flue - gas controls are in place.
Japan's embrace of
coal puts it squarely within the general trend for Asia,
where countries are turning to the fossil
fuel for a host of different reasons.
In a world
where carbon emissions will increasingly have to be constrained,
coal, as the dirtiest of the fossil
fuels, is the energy asset most vulnerable to becoming «stranded» — the most vulnerable, in other words, to seeing its market value collapse well ahead of its previously anticipated useful life.
Fossil
fuel power plants like oil,
coal, and gas not only pollute but must have a constant delivery of
fuel, which can be a challenge
where transportation and pipeline infrastructure is underdeveloped.
The reserves are taken from the World Energy Council 2004 report, except for China,
where we used the reserves from the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources by way of Sandro Schmidt, and South Africa, which has been reassessed recently Figure 9 shows the cumulative plots for future -
fuel production using the trends we have developed for hydrocarbons and
coal, and with lms fits for the 10 % and 90 % years.
First, we must phase out the use of
coal and unconventional fossil
fuels except
where the CO2 is captured and sequestered.
But two, from my experience working with AmeriCorps VISTA in Hazleton, PA
where I served, I immediately saw the need to move off of fossil
fuels, and
coal specifically, as an energy source given its devastating effects on the health of the community and on wildlife.
Capacity of
coal will plunge even in the U.S.,
where President Donald Trump is seeking to stimulate fossil
fuels.
We do have a period of human history, the Twentieth Century,
where petroleum and
coal were common
fuels to compare with all the other centuries when they were not.
A big part of that is the United States,
where fuel economy standards have reversed oil consumption trends — and renewable energy, efficiency, and natural gas have cut U.S.
coal consumption.
Coal, by far the most polluting of the fossil
fuels, is also of increasing importance — particularly in Asia
where the highest energy demand increases are predicted.
Burning fossil
fuels like
coal and oil to produce energy is
where the majority of greenhouse gases originate.
But Walmart's unwillingness to invest in alternatives in much of the country,
where grid power is cheap and heavy on
coal, has meant that the company's reliance on the dirtiest fossil
fuels, and its greenhouse gas emissions, have changed little from the day Scott made this speech.
• Fossil 2009 — Fossil
fuel energy consumption (% of total) in 2009
where fossil
fuel comprises
coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products.
At the same time, Abbott has been clear on
where he stands on fossil
fuels, recently proclaiming that «
coal is good for humanity.»
13 Fossil
Fuels: Historical Development Fossil Fuels: Historical Development Coal: ~ 1000 BC: China 18th Century: Industrial Revolution Textile manufacturing machines (spinning jenny) Steam engine Iron and steel manufacturing As industry spread, rate of energy usage increased Industry tended to build in areas where fossil fuel supplies were already in abundance Infrastructure was developed / improved for transporting fossil fuels (i.e. coal) and the products made by ind
Fuels: Historical Development Fossil
Fuels: Historical Development Coal: ~ 1000 BC: China 18th Century: Industrial Revolution Textile manufacturing machines (spinning jenny) Steam engine Iron and steel manufacturing As industry spread, rate of energy usage increased Industry tended to build in areas where fossil fuel supplies were already in abundance Infrastructure was developed / improved for transporting fossil fuels (i.e. coal) and the products made by ind
Fuels: Historical Development
Coal: ~ 1000 BC: China 18th Century: Industrial Revolution Textile manufacturing machines (spinning jenny) Steam engine Iron and steel manufacturing As industry spread, rate of energy usage increased Industry tended to build in areas where fossil fuel supplies were already in abundance Infrastructure was developed / improved for transporting fossil fuels (i.e. coal) and the products made by indu
Coal: ~ 1000 BC: China 18th Century: Industrial Revolution Textile manufacturing machines (spinning jenny) Steam engine Iron and steel manufacturing As industry spread, rate of energy usage increased Industry tended to build in areas
where fossil
fuel supplies were already in abundance Infrastructure was developed / improved for transporting fossil
fuels (i.e. coal) and the products made by ind
fuels (i.e.
coal) and the products made by indu
coal) and the products made by industry
The EU has also been importing large amounts of
coal, particularly from the US,
where many power producers have been switching to fracked gas — less polluting and, in the US, a cheaper
fuel.
As is noted in the piece above,
where Dr Wheatley says: «more data was needed on actual
fuel consumption at
coal - fired power stations».
Naturally Occurring Methane Capture Carbon Offsets — Methane emissions may occur from land areas
where coal or other high concentrations of un-extracted fossil
fuels are present underground, resulting in a naturally occurring source of GHG emissions.
Fossil
fuel burning is «carbon positive», in that it moves carbon stored deep in the earth (in the form of
coal, natural gas, or petroleum) into the air,
where it contributes to global warming.
In the long term, the IEO2017 Reference case projects increased world consumption of marketed energy from all
fuel sources — except
coal,
where demand is essentially flat — through 2040 (Figure 2).
His accession to office coincided (coincidentally) with the widespread adoption of hydraulic fracking to drill for natural gas, resulting in a sudden boom in supplies and a rapid drop in price, to the point
where gas began to supplant
coal as the
fuel of choice for American power plants.
In 2013, Bill McKibben wrote his piece in Rolling Stone «Global Warming's Terrifying New Math,»
where he showed that if we burned all the
coal, gas and oil that was in reserve on fossil
fuel companies» balance sheets, we'd be Venus.
Nor the planet
where renewable energy is growing rapidly and increasing constraints are being placed on the use of dirty
fuels such as
coal.