Researchers at Southern Methodist University will conduct numerical modeling, field data collection, and extensive laboratory analyses to characterize the state of the upper boundary of pressures and temperatures
where gas hydrates are in a stable form on the Alaskan Beaufort continental slope.
Ohio State University will conduct research in collaboration with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management to increase our understanding of the occurrence, volume and distribution of natural gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico using more than 1,700 petroleum industry well logs that penetrate the gas hydrate stability zone, or the offshore depths and locations
where gas hydrates flourish.
Not exact matches
Gas hydrates naturally form along the coasts of continents and in Arctic permafrost, places where water and gas mix at relatively high pressure and low temperatu
Gas hydrates naturally form along the coasts of continents and in Arctic permafrost, places
where water and
gas mix at relatively high pressure and low temperatu
gas mix at relatively high pressure and low temperature.
The red dots indicate
where researchers have proved that
gas hydrates exist and
where they are suspected to exist.
The most likely explanation is the mass release of methane from sediments on the sea floor,
where the
gas was sequestered, as it is now, in a solid form as methane
hydrate.
Unlike most clathrate
hydrates,
where only one molecule of a
gas can be trapped in each of the H2O cages, multiple hydrogen molecules were entrapped in this material.
This phenomenon is attributed to self - preservation, a metastable condition
where a coating of ice encapsulates the
gas hydrate, thus preserving the internal clathrate structure.
Could it have been an accumulation of
gas that then blew some volume of
hydrate to the surface
where it could melt?
The exceptions are
hydrate in permafrost soils, especially those coastal areas, and in shallow ocean sediments
where methane
gas is focused by subsurface migration.»
Methane
hydrate in ocean seabed sediments is a potential source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere,
where CH4 has potential to act as a powerful greenhouse
gas.
But under permafrost the
gas hydrate may stay stable even
where the pressure is not that high, because of the constantly low temperatures.»
«The most likely process
where this happens - and there is geological evidence that it has happened in the past - is when the methane
gas hydrate layer in the sediment destabilises on a slope.
The USGS, which announced the discovery, estimates there is about 700,000 tcf of
gas hydrate worldwide, most of it below the ocean floors,
where hydrates form under high pressure and cold temperatures.
R&D ers have been talking up natural
gas extraction from methane
hydrates — a solid form of the greenhouse
gas, found tucked away beneath the sea floor
where low temperature and high pressure keep it stable.
The work being done by the USGS is intended to not only discover
where large concentrations of methane
gas hydrates are located, but also to determine the best method for safely extracting the methane trapped in the
hydrate.
Improvements in our understanding of clathrate chemistry and sedimentology have revealed that
hydrates form in only a narrow range of depths (continental shelves), at only some locations in the range of depths
where they could occur (10 - 30 % of the
Gas hydrate stability zone), and typically are found at low concentrations (0.9 — 1.5 % by volume) at sites
where they do occur.
And note their Section 4 — contemplating what happens if deep warm water currents change in a way that changes the current temperature in areas
where methane
hydrates are in equilibrium, suggesting the possibility of a rapid large scale release of methane
gas.
The commentary speculates methane
hydrates, ice - like substances
where the
gas is stored in the East Siberian Arctic shelf (among other places), could unleash a 50 gigatonne «pulse» of methane between 2015 - 2025 (leading to an atmospheric concentration six times current levels) as undersea permafrost thaws.