Carbon dioxide dissolves in surface waters,
where marine organisms metabolize it and incorporate it into their own biology.
The ocean waters that are cleared of sea ice by strong winds blowing from the coast carve out a suitable enclave
where marine organisms can thrive, unlike the rest of the icy cold Antarctic region.
Not exact matches
To measure the impact, people go out in ships and drill holes in the ocean floor,
where shells of
marine organisms have settled throughout geologic history.
To help Arctic
organisms cope, Norway and other nations are identifying areas
where icy habitats could be protected, and constructing
marine protected areas around them.
The
organisms can cause havoc to
marine life in the ports
where ballast water is off - loaded, because their natural predators are not there to keep them in check.
In 1991, the IMO adopted guidelines which recommend that ships should avoid taking on ballast in shallow areas and during toxic blooms of
marine algae; keep accurate records of
where and when ballast is loaded; exchange ballast water at sea,
where toxic
organisms are rare; and discharge sediments into approved areas at the port of destination («End of the line for deadly stowaways», New Scientist, 24 October 1992).
If the T - shirt ends up in the ocean (
where plastic microfiber pollution is a very serious issue), it will also biodegrade or be consumed by
marine organisms that will digest it naturally.
The
marine biota also redistribute carbon:
marine organisms grow organic tissue and calcareous shells in surface waters, which, after their death, sink to deeper waters,
where they are returned to the dissolved inorganic carbon reservoir by dissolution and microbial decomposition.