Not exact matches
A few years ago the New England fishing fleets were in despair because the fish were nowhere to be found; a biologist, who had been making a laboratory study of the
temperature of fishes» stomachs, combined his
data with some
ocean temperature data and correctly suggested
where the missing creatures might be found.
There are also plenty of examples
where models have correctly suggested that different
data sets were inconsistent (satellite vs. surface in the 1990s, tropical ice age
ocean temperatures vs. land
temperatures in the 1980s etc.) which were resolved in favor of the models.
This result is a combination of land
data, using stations
where the only measurements recorded are those of the maximum and minimum daily
temperature, and
ocean data which are probably much more representative of the true daily mean.
I also suspect that a good portion of the additional warming shown in the hybrid version of the Cowtan and Way (2013)
data (versus their Krig
data) comes from the Southern
Ocean surrounding Antarctica,
where sea surface
temperatures are cooling and lower troposphere
temperatures are warming.
When the first analyses of
Ocean Heat Content calculated from old
temperature data from the
oceans where first published in the early 2000's, they were described as the «Smoking Gun».
The point is that this observation is not very relevant if the outcome comes from a combination of relevant and persistently warming
data from areas
where the
temperature is strongly correlated with increase in the heat content of
oceans, atmosphere and continental topmost layers, and almost totally irrelevant
data from areas and seasons
where and when exceptionally great natural variability of surface
temperatures makes these
temperatures essentially irrelevant for the determination of longterm trends.
Where admitted very poor and very dodgy
data from ships buckets and engine inlets is used to adjust reliable
ocean buoy
data upwards and then the adjusted
data is promoted as the new global
temperature data.
Because the GISS analysis combines available sea surface
temperature records with meteorological station measurements, we test alternative choices for the
ocean data, showing that global
temperature change is sensitive to estimated
temperature change in polar regions
where observations are limited.
During a presentation of the two agencies» reports, Thomas Karl, director of Noaa's National Climatic
Data Center, said there was a «considerable amount of area
where we saw the record highest
temperature observed, such as many portions of Europe and every
ocean had parts that were [the warmest on record]».
These days,
ocean temperature is measured three ways, two of which — XBTs and CTDS — require dropping equipment into the water from ships, so they obviously only provide
data where there is currently a boat that has the goods.
The
oceans and land
temperatures have tracked quite closely until recently
where the differences between
ocean and land have become very pronounced with increasing divergence as is easily seen by comparing land
data with land and
ocean data.
More recent documentation (Hansen et al. 2010) compares alternative analyses and addresses questions about perception and reality of global warming; various choices for the
ocean data are tested; it is also shown that global
temperature change is sensitive to estimated
temperature change in polar regions,
where observations are limited.