Not exact matches
The second
aerosol indirect
effect is more likely to cause cooling than warming because, to the best current knowledge, high clouds are more likely to warm climate,
whereas low clouds are more likely to cool.
In addition, some models include the indirect
effects of tropospheric sulphate
aerosols on clouds (e.g., Tett et al., 2002),
whereas others consider only the direct radiative
effect (e.g., Meehl et al., 2004).
The 2007 report focussed on greenhouse gasses, he said,
whereas the 2013 report included all «anthropogenic forcings», including «the cooling
effect from human
aerosol emissions».
Figure 9.5 shows that simulations that incorporate anthropogenic forcings, including increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and the
effects of
aerosols, and that also incorporate natural external forcings provide a consistent explanation of the observed temperature record,
whereas simulations that include only natural forcings do not simulate the warming observed over the last three decades.
Whereas Ramanthan et al (2007) don't quantify the net
aerosol effect (in contrast to Lindzen's implicit claim), Ramanathan and Carmichael (2008)(quoted by Crok) do.