Sentences with phrase «whereas earlier developmental»

Not exact matches

Whether in contexts of adversity or security, early relationships form the foundation for cognitive, affective and neurobiological adaptation.2, 3,4 Whereas relational vulnerabilities engender distress and maladaptation, relational resources foster emotional health and competence.5, 6,7 In the context of safe and responsive relationships with caregivers and others, young children develop core regulatory and processing capacities that enable them to maximize developmental opportunities and effectively negotiate developmental challenges.

Whereas there is a relative abundance of research on adolescent health and well - being, and, especially during the past decades, on the «importance of the early years», there has been a relative lack of research on children's developmental health and well - being during middle childhood.

Secure attachments during early childhood predict more optimal developmental outcomes in later childhood (e.g. social competence), whereas insecure attachments predict less optimal child outcomes.

During the prenatal and infant periods, families have been identified on the basis of socioeconomic risk (parental education, income, age8, 11) and / or other family (e.g. maternal depression) or child (e.g. prematurity and low birth weight12) risks; whereas with preschoolers a greater emphasis has been placed on the presence of child disruptive behaviour, delays in language / cognitive impairment and / or more pervasive developmental delays.6 With an increased emphasis on families from lower socioeconomic strata, who typically face multiple types of adversity (e.g. low parental educational attainment and work skills, poor housing, low social support, dangerous neighbourhoods), many parenting programs have incorporated components that provide support for parents» self - care (e.g. depression, birth - control planning), marital functioning and / or economic self - sufficiency (e.g. improving educational, occupational and housing resources).8, 13,14 This trend to broaden the scope of «parenting» programs mirrors recent findings on early predictors of low - income children's social and emotional skills.

Whereas the earliest work on this topic emphasized the socio - economic status of parents and the way in which (maltreating) parents were themselves reared, subsequent work, guided principally by Belsky's 6 process model of the determinants of parenting, highlights social - contextual factors and forces that shape parenting.7 These include (a) attributes of children; (b) the developmental history of parents and their own psychological make - up; and (c) the broader social context in which parents and this relationship are embedded.

In considering these results alongside the findings of Pieters et al. (2015), it is possible that a developmental progression occurs whereby sleep problems confer risk for depressive symptoms in early - to - mid adolescence whereas the presence of depressive symptoms in late adolescence impacts subsequent sleep.