Researchers have shown that low and medium levels of the stress hormone, called cortisol, improve learning and enhance memory,
whereas high levels of the stress hormone have a bad effect on learning and memory.
Thus the
higher levels of stress hormones in alpha males, the team contends, are probably due to the
stress of expending the energy necessary to stay competitive and on top
of the hierarchy,
whereas low - ranking males are
stressed out by social factors such as being the targets
of aggression by alpha males.