Sentences with phrase «whether human genes»

On April 15, 2013 the United States Supreme Court heard submissions on whether human genes are patentable products of innovation or unpatentable products of nature.

Ultimately, the case will decide whether human genes can indeed be patented in the United States.

Widely billed as a decision on whether human genes can be patented in the US, the ruling actually applies to all DNA, from whatever species.

Widely billed as a decision on whether human genes can be patented in the US, the ruling actually applies to DNA from any species.

Using abnormally - fertilised human embryos (I.e. With three sets of DNA instead of two), they have studied whether the a human gene can be modified.

The degree of DNA similarity didn't necessarily indicate whether a human gene could stand in for a yeast gene, Marcotte and colleagues reveal online today in Science.

Not exact matches

The principles that have emerged thus far are these: We should seek new knowledge of our genes (and we can say this without deciding whether the Human Genome Initiative is the wisest and most cost - effective way to do so) We should seek therapies for the genetic disorders that afflict many people.

Before this can happen though, Teixeira said that his team will first have to determine whether the Stk11 gene or the other genes and proteins it controls are similarly affected in the human form of BPH.

«The million dollar question is whether mutations of this gene also occur in humans with cerebellar ataxia,» says Becker, who is screening people with genetic forms of the condition to find out.

Upon joining the lab, Lee chose a high - risk project — «it sounded like more fun,» she says — aimed at determining whether a key gene in the yeast cell cycle, cdc2, was also present in human cells.

Further research would look at whether mutations of the same gene in humans could contribute to depression.

Ressler then wanted to see whether Oprl1 could be linked to PTSD in humans, so looked at the gene's sequence in approximately 1,800 highly traumatized civilians, some of whom had PTSD and others who did not.

GenInfo is well organized and easy to «browse,» whether you need the new statement on cloning from the Human Genome Organization or the new Swedish law concerning the use of gene technology on human beHuman Genome Organization or the new Swedish law concerning the use of gene technology on human behuman beings.

Whether their work is in human genes, dwarf planets, or computer chips, many scientists have this in common: What they study is tangibly out there, somewhere.

To figure out whether modern humans use their genes differently

«Gaining a better understanding of the functions genes perform in cells, whether plant or animal, is going to help us understand how to diagnose and treat diseases in humans,» says Richard K. Wilson of Washington University.

The results show that the epigenetic pattern in more than 3,000 genes (out of approximately 25,000 that exists in a human being) had changed differentially, depending on whether the participants had eaten saturated fat or polyunsaturated fat.

But in September last year the team announced it had applied to conduct genome editing on these embryos — five months after researchers in China had reported experiments applying CRISPR — Cas9 genome editing to non-viable human embryos, which sparked a debate about how or whether to draw the line on gene - editing in human embryos.

The research showed the beta - lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae were on all the time, whether or not the bacteria were infecting human cell cultures.

Rather than trying to understand whether the human condition can be broken down into genes and quarks, he said, a big picture approach would contribute to more constructive engagements with evangelicals.

HIF regulates genes that dictate how the human body responds to a lack of oxygen, he said, but it can also affect genes that determine whether a cell divides and how that cell can affect neighboring cells.

One worry, for example, is whether present - day computer programs will be powerful enough to distinguish genes from the non-coding DNA that makes up 98 per cent of the human genome.

Aside from dietary issues, the CMAH gene also proves to be a major factor in whether or not a transplanted organ from an animal would be accepted by a human because of the gene.

The human genome contains about 3 billion base pairs, but only about 2 percent of these base pairs represent protein - coding genes, meaning that whole - exome sequencing measures the genetic alterations focused on a small but very important fraction of the genome (as opposed to techniques of whole genome sequencing, which measures every nucleotide across the entire genome, regardless of whether these genes are expressed or silent).

The paper has split scientists, with consensus on the need for a moratorium on clinical applications but disagreement about whether to support basic research on editing genes in human sperm, eggs, or embryos.

Regulatory debate Huang's team's April report spawned a flurry of scientific and policy meetings and statements as governments and policy experts wrestled with how or whether to draw the line on gene editing in human embryos.

There is a long way to go before we can tinker with our genes but tests have been done in human embryos to find out whether it can be safe and effective

To find out whether Rh proteins perform a similar function, the team knocked out ammonium transporter genes in yeast and replaced them with human Rh protein genes.

He and others have recently used gene - editing tools to correct mutations in human iPS cells but haven't used the same combination of methods or done the same set of experiments to determine whether the iPS - derived cells are safe.

To determine whether the reactivation of methylation - silenced genes by EGCG is a general phenomenon that also occurs in other cell lines, we studied the effects of EGCG treatment on the methylation status and mRNA levels of p16INK4a or RARβ in three other human cancer cell lines (Fig. 3C) ⇓.

They therefore went on to determine whether there was also a link between the identified genes and human glioma.

Although CRISPR is incredibly useful for generating mutations by NHEJ and generating small mutations with HDR, when it comes to larger scale genome editing, such as replacement of a mouse gene with its human ortholog (greater than 5 kb), it remains to be seen whether CRISPR is as robust as conventional gene targeting.

In the current work we used adenoviral - type 5 (dE1 / E3)(Cytomegalovirus promoter) with human ABCA10 transgene (Ad - h - ABCA10) purchased from Vector Labs ® in order to investigate whether gene therapy can be used as a pre-treatment to enhance the efficiency of inhaled cisplatin.

To determine whether or not increased DNA gain or loss likely had an evolutionary impact we compared human and mouse gene expression divergence.

These genes likely came from the gametes — the eggs or sperm — and can be used to predict whether an embryo is chromosomally normal or abnormal at the earliest stage of human development.

There has been a rapidly increasing interest in whether environmental factors modulate the establishment and maintenance of epigenetic modifications, and thereby affect gene expression and phenotype in humans and wildlife.

Their preservation in the zebrafish allows us to visualize in this transparent genetic vertebrate model whether these variants are just neutral or if they disrupt the regulation of one the neighbor genes, possibly revealing the actual gene affected in AMD human patients.

Whether humans will continue to evolve and rid themselves of the thrifty gene remains to be seen.

Confirming this prediction for several dozen HARs, our next goal was to see whether any of these HARs enhanced patterns of gene activation that were uniquely human.»

Having established the importance of the miR - 181a target genes, Smad1 and Smad5, in BMP / GDF ligand - induced neurite growth, we next determined whether miR - 181a - modulated Smad phosphorylation / activation and neurite growth in SH - SY5Y cells, which are a widely used cell line model of human mDA neurons which also express the miR - 181a targets, BMPR2 and Smad1 / 5 [18,38].

We are identifying genes that alter atherosclerosis susceptibility in a mouse model and testing whether they play a role in coronary artery disease in humans.

For example, Akey said, one new question we might ask about interbreeding between modern humans and Neanderthals is whether there were any sexual biases in that gene flow.

Although the newest edition of the authoritative textbook, Vitamin D, claims that in humans calcidiol binds with equal affinity to the DBP whether it is derived from vitamin D2 or vitamin D3, 37 the citation for this statement is the author's own PhD thesis, in which he reported results obtained from testing the DBP of a mere two people.48 Since the gene for the DBP is one of the most polymorphic known (meaning it exists in many forms), existing in three common alleles and 124 known rarer alleles (alleles are specific forms of the same gene), each allele itself having many polymorphisms, 37 a sample size of two is rather unconvincing.