«The Earth's climate system is highly nonlinear: inputs and outputs are not proportional, change is often episodic and abrupt, rather than slow and gradual, and
multiple equilibria are the norm... there is a relatively poor understanding
of the different
types of nonlinearities, how they manifest under various conditions, and
whether they reflect a climate system driven by astronomical forcings, by internal feedbacks, or by a combination
of both... [We] suggest a robust alternative to prediction that is based on using integrated
assessments within the framework
of vulnerability studies... It is imperative that the Earth's climate system research community embraces this nonlinear paradigm if we are to move forward in the
assessment of the human influence on climate.»
The program includes (a) title screen and login, introduction, and consent to use the program; (b)
assessment of demographics; (c)
assessment and feedback on different
types of bullying experienced and perpetrated in the past year,
whether they happened in the past month, and
whether they caused fear; (d) for participants experiencing or perpetrating physical bullying or
multiple episodes
of emotional bullying, or who are experiencing fear:
assessment and feedback on help seeking; (e) for all participants:
assessment and feedback on six healthy relationship skills, including step - by - step guidance on and videos demonstrating two skills the participant has been using the least; (f)
assessment and feedback on stage
of change for using healthy relationship skills; (g)
assessment and feedback on up to five TTM stage - matched principles and processes
of change for using healthy relationship skills; encouragement to increase use
of stage - matched principles
of change the participant is not using enough; (h)
assessment and feedback on level
of alcohol use and its relationship to bullying and peer violence; (i)
assessment and feedback on readiness to offer help to others who are victims or perpetrators
of bullying; and (j)
assessment and feedback on readiness to seek help if a victim or perpetrator
of bullying.