Sentences with phrase «which alters gene»

Beebread contains p - coumaric acid, which alters gene expression and contributes to the honey bees» developmental fate.

When produced in excess during times of adversity, these particular miRNAs trigger epigenetic changes, which alter gene activity to cope with these environmental hardships.

Not exact matches

Research on a new «gene editing» technology known as CRISPR — which theoretically allows any cell or organism to have its genome altered — is advancing exponentially, with early research ongoing on human embryos created for that purpose.

The OAR proposal uses a variation of therapeutic cloning called altered nuclear transfer (ANT) in which the nucleus of a donor cell (a skin cell, for example), containing the 30,000 genes of the genetic code, is altered in such a way that it produces an epigenetic factor, a protein called nanog.

Where is the clear line in a progression from (1) using animal insulin to treat diabetes, to (2) using gene remodeling techniques to grow insulin in a host bacterium that will reproduce rapidly and from which a plentiful supply of insulin can be harvested, to (3) genetic surgery to replace the defective gene in a person diagnosed as diabetic, to (4) genetic surgery immediately after fertilization in order to replace the defective gene and alter the germ cells which would otherwise have transmitted the disease to one's offspring?

Researchers in England have found that in trace amounts, they activate estrogen receptors in cells, which in turn alters the activity of certain genes.

Genetically modified crops are plants in which genes are altered in the laboratory to make them perform in a very specific way, such as not being harmed by certain herbicides.

This study found that the interaction between these genomes and the implications on energy production is strong enough that the mitochondrial genome can alter which version of a gene is present in the nuclear genome.

The scientists used CRISPR, a gene - editing tool, to alter inserted genes so that the enzymes for which they coded would work most efficiently amid the exotic acidity, osmotic character and chemical composition of their new home.

No one yet knows the mechanism through which environmental factors would alter these genes, although stress hormones such as cortisol may be playing a role.

The male offspring of mothers fed the high - fat diet showed altered gene expression in the hippocampus which persisted through adulthood.

Nearly two dozen of the altered genes are present in both the hippocampus and the blood, which presents the possibility that scientists could develop a gene - based blood test to determine whether a brain injury has occurred, and that measuring some of those genes could help doctors predict whether a person is likely to develop Alzheimer's or other disorders.

The initiative, called Safe Genes, comes at a time when so - called «gene drive» systems, which override the standard rules of gene inheritance and natural selection, are raising hopes among some scientists that the technology could alter or suppress populations of disease - carrying insects or other pests in as few as 20 generations.

The two - step process of TILT — getting sick upon toxicant exposure and failing to get well — may be driven by epigenetic changes, which occur when the environment alters the expression of genes without changing the core DNA code itself.

Monitoring mRNA could tell scientists a great deal about which genes are being expressed in a cell, and tweaking the translation of mRNA would allow them to alter gene expression without having to modify the cell's DNA.

However, microgravity can reduce cell growth, alter gene expression and change the pattern of root growth — all aspects which critically affect plant cultivation in space.

Researchers at the University of Exeter and UCL (University College London) have identified a gene which can be used to predict how susceptible a young person is to the mind - altering effects of smoking cannabis.

Stress is thought to cause «epigenetic» changes to genes, which do not alter the sequence of their DNA but instead leave chemical marks that dictate how active genes are.

Although the function of the gene isn't fully established, it is thought to add sugars to proteins, which could alter the speed or specificity of their usual function.

Environmental stresses can alter which genes turn on and off via the addition or removal of methyl chemical groups to DNA.

Most research on epigenetics has focused on the way everyday experiences alter patterns of gene activity in DNA during life through a chemical process of gene tagging called methylation, which usually silences genes.

«They've done this by altering their genetic make - up; transferring drug - resistant genes between one another; and creating biofilms, which are multicellular communities where bacteria can be a thousand-fold more resistant to antibiotics.»

New research has found that the pharmaceuticals, which are frequently showing up in U.S. streams, can alter genes responsible for building fish brains and controlling their behavior

Even though the corn has only four leaves, the way in which its genes are expressed has already been altered through interaction with the velvetleaf planted alongside it, according to plant science professor Sharon Clay.

By changing shape — becoming either more or less compact — chromatin can alter which genes are expressed.

Mothers known as «non-secretors» have a non-functional fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) gene, which alters the composition of their breast milk sugars and changes how the microbial community, or microbiota, of their infants» guts develop.

Unlike genetic mutations that affect DNA and the genome, epigenetic markers turn genes on and off to regulate cell processes, which if altered may lead to disease, he explains.

«Because many broadly expressed genes that play key roles in essential cellular functions are under the control of cell - specific enhancers, the ability to affect enhancer function by knocking down eRNAs could potentially provide a new strategy for altering gene expression in vivo in a cell - specific manner,» said Glass, noting that in his research, anti-sense oligonucleotides were developed in conjunction with Isis Pharmaceuticals, which suppressed enhancer activity and reduced expression in nearby genes.

In the Lyme bacteria's genome, the VlsE gene is preceded by «cassettes» which are normally not expressed, or made into individual proteins, but can recombine with VlsE to alter the expressed protein and thus present a novel challenge to a host's immune defenses.

Epigenetic changes do not alter the structure of the DNA, but they do change the way the DNA is modified, which subsequently determines the potential of gene regulation.

Such an epigenetic change might permanently alter which genes are active in the brains of those mice.

After exploiting a technology that allowed them to activate each of nearly 16,000 genes individually in human melanoma cell lines containing mutant BRAF, the authors then treated the panel of cells with the drugs and monitored which cells showed altered drug sensitivity.

For example, domestication had seemingly altered 13 places near a gene called SOX2, which helps maintain cells destined to become part of the nervous system.

Creating genomes offers a fresh platform on which to design life, while CRISPR works well for altering existing genes.

The expression of another HOX gene, which helps specify what tissue sprouts a forelimb, was altered in the outer layer of cells in the python embryo.

Then essentially what you are looking for is suppressor mutations, things which alter other genes, which change the sensitivity of the organism for insulin.

Harmful chemicals, stress and other influences can permanently alter which genes are turned on without changing any of the genes» code.

Furthermore, besides offering valuable insight into the function of this novel RNA type, the researchers also believe that the findings will open new avenues for novel treatments in which cell - specific enhancer sequences can be targeted to alter gene expression.

Earlier versions of these «base editors,» which target typos related to the other half of disease - causing genetic spelling errors, have already been used to alter genes in plants, fish, mice and even human embryos.

Hutchinson - Gilford progeria is caused by a spontaneous mutation during conception in a gene called LMNA, which encodes a protein called prelamin A. Progeria patients experience a buildup of an abnormal version of prelamin A in their cells that, among other changes, distorts the nucleus and alters gene expression.

In a race with other scientists, Scottish researchers have bred mice with an altered gene which displays all the key features of cystic fibrosis, such as lung disease and digestive problems.

Further research showed that the WWOX gene plays a role in the altered metabolism of cancer cells which are known to use glucose differently to normal cells.

In others, the researchers altered a gene that regulates phospholipids, the primary type of fat in cell membranes, which spurred the cells into producing more cholesterol on their own.

In combination with a separate technique that measures the degree to which a gene is expressed, the researchers then identified genes that were either mutated or functionally altered through expression levels in these bladder cancer cell lines.

In the 10 percent of inherited cases, a common mutation occurs in the gene superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), which is the gene that the Wake Forest team altered in its mouse model.

The use of cfDNA, which is much less invasive and costly than a biopsy, revealed the presence of several altered cancer - related genes.

By swapping out just one microRNA building block for another, ADAR1 alters the carefully orchestrated system cells use to control which genes are turned on or off at which times.

Much of the previous research on epigenetics has focused on the fact that everyday experiences alter patterns of gene activity in DNA during life through a chemical process of gene tagging called methylation, which usually silences genes.

«We note that there are two subgroups of breast tumors by epigenome: one which we have called Epi - Basal, characterized by loss of epigenetic marks causing breakage of chromosomes and the other that we have called Epi - Luminal B, that presents epigenetic inactivation of genes that should protect us from cancer and these altered cells can no longer do it.»

Then they sorted the mutations by type, focusing on 15,259 nonsynonymous mutations, which alter amino acids and thus a gene's function.