Sentences with phrase «which atmospheric layer»

What effect it has varies with which atmospheric layer it's in and on the latitude.

Not exact matches

Increased atmospheric heat obviously makes temperatures warmer, which leaves less time for ice to form and solidify and create new layers on glaciers and ice sheets.

The lead surrounding the stars — which was part of the original cloud of gas and dust from which these stars formed, not generated by reactions in the evolving stars themselves — may be dispersed within an atmospheric layer as much as 100 kilometers thick (depicted patchily in pink) that altogether weighs up to 100 billion metric tons.

As a result of this, more of the CO2 bound in organic matter remains in the surface layer, which reduces the ocean's potential to take up atmospheric CO2.»

Here we present a chronology for the deep part of the core (67.8 - 31.2 ka BP), which is based on stratigraphic matching to annual - layer - counted Greenland ice cores using globally well - mixed atmospheric methane.

The lower atmospheric layer, in which people live and breathe, is the troposphere.

In the upper atmosphere of this «hot Jupiter» sits a layer of titanium oxide, which has flipped the usual atmospheric temperature structure on its head.

Other works include installations by Hans - Peter Feldmann and Tomoko Takahashi, which both highlight the cumulative power of photographs; a sound piece by Stephen Vitiello that layers barking dogs and firework explosions; and a film of drifting soap bubbles by Rivane Neuenshwander and Cao Guimarães that realizes the abstract forms of atmospheric conditions.

Hypothesis A — Because the atmospheric radiation is completely absorbed in the first few microns it will cause evaporation of the surface layer, which takes away the energy from the back radiation as latent heat into the atmosphere.

θ = potential temperature, which is conserved for dry adiabatic processes and is a useful vertical coordinate for examining various fluid mechanical processes (like Rossby waves) when the atmospheric lapse rate is stable (for dry convection)(which is generally true on a large scale away from the boundary layer).

Thus any process which tends to favor the growth of organisms made from silicate, such as diatoms, over organisms made from carbonate, such as the coccolithophorids, will tend to lower the atmospheric CO2 concentration — and vice versa — even if the total organic biomass formed in the surface layer and sinking from that layer remains constant.

You are using a fixed forcing which is not fixed, but dependent on the energy available at each ocean and atmospheric layer.

Urban pollution concentrations depend on the magnitude of local emissions sources and the prevailing meteorological ventilation of the area — i.e., the height of the atmospheric layer through which the pollutants are being mixed and the average wind speed through that layer.

In any case; the question seems to me to be moot, since there is general agreement that CO2 and H2O and other GHG molecules DO capture LWIR from the surface or other atmospheric layers; which must increase the net energy (and Temperature) of THAT layer.

It is described by Here, a1 is a fixed heat capacity, which we approximate as the effective heat capacity per unit area of a 75 m ocean mixed layer; a3 corresponds to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels causing a forcing of 3.74 W m − 2; and C0 is the pre-industrial concentration of CO2 [30]; a0 and a2 are both able to vary, and control the climate sensitivity, and rate of advection of heat through the thermocline, respectively.

Continued monitoring of ozone and ozone - depleting substances is essential for verification of ozone layer recovery as expected by about 2050, which hinges on the complete elimination of atmospheric ozone - depleting substances.

By characterizing atmospheric gas mixing ratios (volume of gas per volume of air) across the North Slope, scientists hope to improve the estimates of the volume of gases like carbon dioxide and methane being emitted from biological sources such as Alaska's permafrost layer which stores large amounts of carbon.

Second, using measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations short circuits two layers of modeling which themselves are major sources of uncertainty, namely, estimating global emissions and, then, estimating the atmospheric CO2 concentrations (based on complex models of the global carbon cycle).

For us, one of the most fascinating findings of this analysis is that the atmospheric temperature profiles from the boundary layer to the middle of the stratosphere can be so well described in terms of just two or three distinct regions, each of which has an almost linear relationship between molar density and pressure.

One effect among many is to reduce the temperature gradient within the skin layer of the ocean and hence reduce the rate of cooling of the upper mixed layer (the first few meters of which are warmed by the Sun) to the atmosphere and also, radiatively, through the atmospheric infrared window, directly to space.

I suggest you read up on the marine atmospheric boundary layer which is more of a «global» situation than just a few puffy clouds.

If it weren't for the atmospheric window emitting at higher intensity, this emitting layer would reach the snowball earth temp of about 255K, at which the outgoing IR balances incoming sun light.

A reduction to surface layer pH of only 0.1 (which is much too small to be detectable) would induce more than all the change to atmospheric CO2 concentration of 290 ppmv to ~ 400 ppmv which has happened since before the industrial revolution.

Because the atmospheric radiation is completely absorbed in the first few microns it will cause evaporation of the surface layer, which takes away the energy from the back radiation as latent heat into the atmosphere.

Water that travels past under - sea volcanism will dissolve sulphur ions which reduce its pH. This low pH water will reach the ocean surface centuries later and thus will reduce the pH of the surface layer with resulting increase to atmospheric CO2 concentration.

They find that the different moisture availability over land and ocean leads to different atmospheric temperature lapse rates (latent heat release), which in combination with a well - mixed free (above boundary layer) atmosphere can explain the land — sea contrast.

The results are qualitatively consistent with trends in NCEP atmospheric temperatures (which must also be treated with great caution) that show an increase in the stability of the convective boundary layer as the global temperature has risen over the period.

Even if this hypothesis was at first founded upon assumptions for the absorption of carbon dioxide which are not strictly correct, it is still an open question whether an examination of the «protecting» influence of the higher atmospheric layers upon lower ones may not show that a decrease of the carbon dioxide will have important consequences, owing to the resulting decrease in the radiation of the upper layers and the increased temperature gradient at the earth's surface.

Since 1978 microwave sounding units (MSUs) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar orbiting satellites have measured the intensity of upwelling microwave radiation from atmospheric oxygen, which is related to the temperature of broad vertical layers of the atmosphere.

To make it clear: nobody ever has «but» the ice core data and atmospheric data together, without counting the layers for ice (which is the age at closing depth) and the CO2 level changes in firn (which give a nice trend from atmospheric to closing depth).