Sentences with phrase «which axons»

Researchers used genetically modified mice in which the axons in the corticospinal tract, a bundle of nerves carrying signals from the brain to the spinal cord, were «stained» with fluorescent matter visible under a powerful microscope.

This image shows a neuron in which the axon originates at a dendrite.

Not exact matches

The researchers found that puffing activated a mechanosensitive channel protein called TRPV4, which is enriched in the membrane of neuronal axons and allows calcium ions to enter the cell.

Axons, which are like cables woven throughout brain tissue, swell up when traumatic brain injury occurs.

Officers will test run two types of body cameras: the Taser AXON Flex, which can attach to glasses, and the Vievu LE3, which clips to the chest.

Neural stem cells differentiate into three different cell types: neurons (purple), oligodendrocytes (red), which produce axon insulation, and astrocytes (green), which also support neurons.

«But there is quite a substantial decrease in white matter, which is primarily composed of cells that function in axon insulation.

Nerve cells communicate by means of electrical impulses, which are transmitted along neural processes known as axons.

And in a basket cell (above), axon branches, which allow the nerve cell to send messages to other neurons, cluster densely around the cell body.

In another neuron called a chandelier cell (above), vertical branches of its signal - sending axon, which serves to quiet other cells, dangle around the cell body.

Twiss, Kalinski, and colleagues had shown recently that messenger RNA located in peripheral nerve axons is an important part of the process by which the peripheral nerves are able to regenerate after injury.

Given a particular brain, with its neurons and axons, dendrites and synapses, one can, in principle, accurately compute the extent to which this brain is integrated.

Axons can be very long and relatively remote from the central portion of the cell, which houses the nucleus where DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA that can then be converted into proteins.

He uses a technique called diffusion spectrum imaging, which traces neural connections by following water molecules as they diffuse along axons.

«This technique measures the diffusion of water in the brain tissues, which can tell you a lot about the development of neurons and axons,» Monson said.

They trip each other up, which prevents the axons from fully extending through the brain and delivering the usual doses of serotonin, says Tom Maniatis, a study coauthor and molecular neuroscientist at Columbia University.

But for mice in which the whole gene cluster was deleted, serotonin axons don't keep their distance from each other.

This fatty material is an insulator covering and modulating a part of the nerve cell called the axon, which transmits electrical signals to other cells.

The main body of the neuron conveys those pulses to an outgoing arm, or axon, which splits into numerous branches, each of which nearly touches other neurons.

So, for example, the signal that tells the axon to turn — which should disappear after the turn is made — remains active, interfering with new signals meant to guide the axon in other directions.

Those axons branch out from the ventral nerve cord, which runs the length of the bee's abdomen — further evidence, they say, that the magnetic properties of those cells influence the nervous system.

During brain development, neurons have to connect to each other, which they do by extending their long axons to touch one another.

Reporting their results in the 30 June issue of Science (p 95), the researchers say that they found axons of neurons which terminate among clusters of trophocytes.

OLs formed before tamoxifen injection are red, newly - forming OLs have a yellow «cell body» containing the nucleus surrounded by a green «bundle of sticks» which are short stretches of myelin wrapped around thread - like axons.

For this, electrical signals fire between neurons connected by «axons» — thread - like extensions of their outer surfaces which can be viewed as the «wire» in the electric circuit.

Oligodendrocytes, the cells that are known to produce the myelin sheaths which enable saltatory conduction of action potentials along the myelinated axons, are modulators of signal transmission along neuronal connections (axons) and also promote neuronal survival by providing metabolic support.

Neurons are specialized cells of the nervous system that communicate using electrical signals, which propagate down long, wire - like projections called axons.

Glutamate indirectly activates the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, which contain cells whose axons release dopamine in the hippocampus.

RIPK1, the researchers found, inflicts damage by directly attacking the body's myelin production plants — nerve cells known as oligodendrocytes, which secrete the soft substance, rich in fat and protein that wraps around axons to support their function and shield them from damage.

In vertebrates, the axons of many neurons are sheathed in myelin, which is formed by either of two types of glial cells: Schwann cells ensheathing peripheral neurons and oligodendrocytes insulating those of the central nervous system.

Computer programs created 3D models of the glowing neurons and their projections, called axons, which can be half a metre long and branch like a tree.

Axons, the long projections of neural cells which form the nerves of our peripheral nervous system, are like electrical cables: they have thick electrical insulation so that they can quickly relay stimuli from the body and signals from the brain to a toe, for example.

Using a technique called diffusion tensor imaging, which can spot neural connections, the researchers saw what appeared to be massive tracts of new axon growth.

«To reach their target, growing axons rely on molecules known as guidance cues, which instruct them on which direction to take by repelling or attracting them to their destination,» explains Dr. Charron, Director of the Molecular Biology of Neural Development research unit at the IRCM.

Axons of these nerves leave the spinal cord in the ventral branches (rami) of the spinal nerves, and then separate out as «white rami» (so called from the shiny white sheaths of myelin around each axon) which connect to two chain ganglia extending alongside the vertebral column on the left and right.

Unlike peripheral nerves, which re-sprout axons when they are damaged, mature spinal neurons do not regrow axons in the part of the body where the injury has occurred — such as when the spinal cord is cut or crushed — which results in paralysis below the injury.

The study, «Facilitation of axon regeneration by enhancing mitochondrial transport and rescuing energy deficits,» which has been published in The Journal of Cell Biology, suggests potential new strategies to stimulate the regrowth of human neurons damaged by injury or disease.

Neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain communicate with each other by transmitting electric signals, or firing action potentials, through long processes named axons (which send out signals) and dendrites (which receive signals).

Synaptic transmission Electricity signals the release of neurotransmitters, which exit the axon in packets of about 5,000 molecules (lower right).

Recent research suggests one benefit of environmental enrichment at the cellular level: it repairs brain myelin, the protective insulation surrounding axons, or nerve fibers, which can be lost because of aging, injury or diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

These electrically charged chemicals accumulate at the receptor nodules of antenna - like dendrites and activate the cell body, which in turn shoots an electric signal down the neuron's output wire, the axon.

As the neurons grow on each side, they sprout long branches, called axons, which creep down the grooves to make contact with neurons growing on the other side in order to transmit electric signals between them.

The genes in question are all involved in the production of myelin, which forms the fatty insulation around nerve cell axons that enables efficient communication in the central nervous system.

Previous work by Freeman's lab identified another enzyme, a gene called SARM, which was the first shown to activate a process that causes axons to disintegrate when damaged.

The delivery is active along neuronal axons, which function like highways in human societies.

«Our study shows that Ind - Cl can remyelinate axons which have gotten injured not just in MS but also traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury.»

When it is experimentally prevented (either by severing the projecting axons, by treating them with the drug vinblastine, which blocks axonal transport, or by administering 6 - hydroxydopamine, which destroys the nerve endings), the innervating sympathetic neurons in the ganglion die off.

When the genomes «wake up,» new virus particles are made and these can travel along the axon back out to the peripheral tissue, which creates the cold sores that can spread infection to new hosts.

To form axon fascicles, the research teams manufactured a microdevice in which human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells were injected.

Koyuncu discovered this when she infected isolated axons with a small number of virus particles, which would normally travel to the cell bodies and be silenced, while simultaneously exposing the cell bodies to a large number of inactivated virus particles that have been dosed with ultraviolet radiation (UV).