Sentences with phrase «which cells break»

By another twist of fate, Cuervo soon began to study autophagy — the process by which cells break down their waste inside organelles called lysosomes.

It also significantly activates a process called autophagy, which is the process by which cells break down.

Metabolism has two distinct divisions: catabolism, in which the cell breaks down complex molecules to produce energy and reducing power, and anabolism, in which the cell uses energy and reducing power to construct complex molecules and perform other biological functions.

Not exact matches

Instead of remaining trapped inside its host cell like most plasmids, the plasmid (which they named pR1SE) was able to break free.

If human brains are like body's cells, there is a natural point of specialization, in which new systems break away and form similar but slightly different branches, as cells in a body become fingers, feet, hands, etc..

Your conflation error lies with imagining our Creator as a physical body, perhaps with cells which break down and fluids which seep out.

We all know by now that if the atomic combinations break down, or if the proper chemical reactions fail to take place, the cell will die or the brain (in which thought seems to dwell) will fail to function, and «mind» will be impaired or it may vanish altogether.

Or consider Berlin's definition by negation: «The basic sense of unfreedom is that in which we ascribe it to the man in jail, or the man tied to a tree; all that such a man seeks is the breaking of his chains, escape from the cell, without necessarily aiming at a particular activity once he is liberated.»

Without going into a complicated biology lesson (which I probably would not be prepared to teach), let's simply think of what our digestive system does for us: it breaks food down into smaller pieces so that our body can use this nourishment to build new cells and give us energy.

That means it's more digestible and broken down quickly, causing a spike in blood sugar, followed by another spike in insulin, which is what your body uses to shuttle that sugar to your cells to be used for energy.

Cooking tomatoes break down the cell walls, which helps to release the lycopene and is better absorbed by the body with a little bit of fat like olive oil.

The liver has started producing the various enzymes that are necessary to break down bilirubin, which is the result of red blood cells breaking down inside your baby.

As the teeth are growing, the cells in the gum tissue above the teeth begin to break down, which helps the teeth slide through.

When these cells break down after birth, they produce a yellow pigment called bilirubin, which circulates in the blood.

These cellulite creams have anti-cellulite agents such as caffeine which dehydrates fat cells and breaks them.

The surviving escapee from a prison break and three - week manhunt will spend 23 hours a day in a maximum - security cell, much more confined than he and a fellow murder convict were in the prison from which they managed a getaway, officials said Sunday.

The discovery, reported in June in Cell, completely breaks with the standard model of facial recognition, which claims each face you recognize is represented by a single neuron (one cell firing when you see your grandmother, another when you see Jennifer AnistCell, completely breaks with the standard model of facial recognition, which claims each face you recognize is represented by a single neuron (one cell firing when you see your grandmother, another when you see Jennifer Anistcell firing when you see your grandmother, another when you see Jennifer Aniston).

If the tumor that Jobs had removed in 2004 had begun to break down prior to the surgery, White says, the tumor's dead cells could have released protease and lipase enzymes that may have damaged beta cells in the pancreas, which produce insulin.

«If we fed the fish a specific type of fat, our technique allowed us to determine into what molecules these lipids were reassembled after they were broken down in the small intestine and in which organs and cells these molecules ended up,» Farber explained.

Flu vaccines are designed to prevent infection by eliciting antibodies against HA, which the virus uses to break into cells lining the airways.

Her team discovered that stem cells take up calcium phosphate to produce ATP, a metabolic molecule, which then breaks down into adenosine and signals the stem cells to become osteoblasts.

The E. coli directly secretes the resulting biodiesel, which then floats to the top of a fermentation vat, so there is neither the necessity for distillation or other purification processes nor the need, as in biodiesel from algae, to break the cell to get the oil out.

Today, the lab's prenatal testing website stresses the use of «cell - free» fetal DNA, which passes across the placenta from fetal cells that have broken down.

Intermittent dosing with rapamycin selectively breaks the cascade of inflammatory events that follow cellular senescence, a phenomena in which cells cease to divide in response to DNA damaging agents, including many chemotherapies.

It is the APCs which ingest antigen, break it down, combine the fragments with Class II molecules, return them to the surface and «present» them to T cells.

Tumours spread with the help of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which destroy the connective tissue between cells and organs, allowing tumour cells to break out of the original site and enter new ones.

Stem cells, the blank slate from which the body can build any type of cell it needs, are proving themselves capable of doing what was once thought impossible: healing broken brains.

A mouse's nerve cell has broken open to showcase vibrantly colored sacs, which house its neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers neurons use to communicate with one another and with other cells.

«Using a genetic mouse model of DIPG, we found that the histone mutation turns off p16, which is a gene that acts like a break on dividing cells,» says senior author Oren J. Becher, MD, from Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago.

Today, Spongelab's much wider portfolio includes a range of interactive software, including «The Glycolysis Game,» in which metabolism - minded players explore how cells break down sugar.

In order to visualize this signal, the scientists performed experiments with transgenic Arabidopsis plants which were genetically modified to express a protein in the cytosol, the liquid inside the cells, which breaks down and releases light energy after it has bound calcium ions.

Similarly, the enzyme RNase T2, which breaks down a material called RNA in insect cells to produce food for plants, had multiple evolutionarily convergent amino acid substitutions in C. follicularis and a common ancestor of N. alata and D. adelae.

A new gene therapy treatment has restored some sight in a handful of blind patients suffering from Leber's congenital amaurosis, a syndrome in which, because of a broken or missing gene called RPE65, retinal photoreceptor cells malfunction and eventually die.

This process could form the basis of a practical solar - energy storage system, Nocera says, in which electric current from a solar cell passes through water to the catalyst, breaking the water into oxygen and hydrogen through electrolysis.

Metastasis is the process in which cells from a primary tumor break - off, enter the blood stream and create new tumors elsewhere in the body.

James Christiansen, professor of biology at Drake University in DesMoines, is studying how telomeres, the simple, non-genetic DNAsequences that sheathe the ends of chromosomes, function in reptiles.Each time a healthy human cell divides, it loses a little bit of thetelomere, until the strands are too short to protect the chromosomes.At that point the DNA in a cell begins to break down, which triggerssenescence and death.

In healthy people, muscle cells make an enzyme called lipoprotein lipase, which breaks down chylomicrons.

To better understand this process, the researchers created an experimental system in which they induced, in a controlled fashion, breaks in the DNA of different chromosomes in living cells.

Telomeres gradually break down and shrink as cells age, eventually leading to cell death which is a normal part of human growth and aging.

According to Dr Robson Gutierre, a morphologist and leading author of this study, the South American amphibian has very unique liver cells, known as melanomacrophages, which can remove and break down collagen as part of its natural function.

The Nature paper further describes laboratory tests in which an existing anti-inflammatory inhibits caspase - 1, thereby preventing pyroptosis and breaking the cycle of cell death and inflammation.

As development proceeds, neural crest cells break away, migrating from head to toe to form tissues involved in pigmentation, muscles, teeth, bone, cartilage, and adrenal glands, which produce stress hormones as well as testosterone.

The scientists first genetically modified E. coli to consume sugar and secrete engine - grade biodiesel, which can float to the top of a fermentation vat — no need for distilling, purifying or breaking cells open to get the oil out, as is the case for making biodiesel from algae.

Turning off the pathway can trigger cancer cells to self - destruct because the machinery used to untangle the DNA fails, meaning it is torn apart as the cell divides — ravaging and causing huge breaks in the code which lead to the cancer cells» demise.

Green - light photons hold 240 kJ / mole of energy, which is enough to bend (but not break) the rhodopsin molecules in our retinas that trigger our photosensitive rod cells to fire.

And because researchers break apart and then reassemble the 3 - billion - letter - long genetic instruction book in order to analyze it, sections that have duplicated genes are harder to put in the right order and thus harder to study, which was the case with the region containing the red blood cell protein DNA.

Humans carry a gene for a protein in cells called apolipoprotein E, which helps clear amyloid - beta from the brain by binding to it and breaking it down.

One of the paper's co-authors, Hugh Willison, who studies GBS at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, says it's possible that something more subtle is happening: Like other viruses, the one that causes Zika hijacks a cell's own replication machinery to make new copies of itself, which then break out of the dying cell and infect neighboring cells.

Best known are the BRCA genes, which cells need to repair broken DNA.

The toxins break down the cells in the host — which could very well be you — in order to release nutrients to the germs.