Sentences with phrase «which cognitive factors»

This limitation is addressed in the CER model, in which cognitive factors are conceptualized and measured independently of behavioral factors [6].

Not exact matches

It is important to note that these studies, which support breast milk's power to develop infants» cognitive ability are based mainly on observation and could contain confounding factors such as minor differences in mother - baby interaction.

Finally, neurodevelopmental research has suggested that the factors in breast milk that may be responsible for the improved cognitive abilities of breastfed children may involve long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and, particularly, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 10 with some clinical studies in which infant formula was supplemented with DHA suggesting possible improvements in visual acuity and cognitive ability in preterm infants given the DHA - supplemented formula.13

Our results are consistent with several larger studies3 - 14 in various communities in developed countries, using a number of developmental tests, which have shown a positive association between breast feeding and cognitive development of the child, even after adjustment for confounding factors.

Factors such as the way in which parents bring up their offspring (parenting, diet, cognitive inputs) or experience of social disadvantages seem to have implications for how genes manifest themselves in later life.»

«Factors such as adhering to a healthy lifestyle including a diet that is rich in essential nutrients, regular exercise engagement, and having an adequate cardiovascular profile all seem to be effective ways by which to preserve cognitive function and delay cognitive decline,» said Cohen.

In a large population - based study of randomly selected participants in Germany, researchers found that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) occurred significantly more often in individuals diagnosed with a lower ankle brachial index (ABI), which is a marker of generalized atherosclerosis and thus cumulative exposure to cardiovascular risk factors during lifetime.

Restating, the researchers now think that children who have autism as a consequence of inherited factors have less general cognitive damage than those with severe de novo mutations, which, says Wigler, in puzzling on the face of it.

Of clinical significance in terms of helping people with mental illness, the patients» happiness was unrelated to the severity or duration of their illness, to cognitive or physical function or to socioeconomic factors such as age and education, which among healthy adults have been linked to a greater sense of well - being.

For instance, in addition to presiding over the long - running Leiden 85 - plus study, which tracks cognitive decline and risk factors for heart disease, stroke, and other illnesses in people 85 and older, Westendorp came up with an innovative and inexpensive way to explore the evolutionary tradeoff between longevity and fertility: analyzing old genealogical records of British aristocrats.

Now openness, which measures cognitive flexibility and the willingness to entertain novel ideas, has emerged as a lifelong protective factor.

The precise mechanisms by which gum disease may be linked to cognitive decline are not fully clear and other factors might also play a part in the decline seen in participants» cognition alongside their oral health.

Therefore, differences in the similarities of subjects» neural response time courses likely stem from factors such as differences in subjects» dispositions, moods, cognitive styles, pre-existing assumptions, expectations, values, views, and interests, as well as differences in the pre-existing knowledge structures into which incoming stimuli are integrated.

This laboratory studies aspects of one - carbon metabolism, namely the micronutrients folate and vitamin B12, which serve as substrate and cofactor, respectively, in the methionine cycle and homocysteine, which is a branch - point metabolite in the methionine cycle and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (coronary artery, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease), cognitive impairment (Alzheimer's disease) and complications of pregnancy (neural tube defects).

In addition, they are also examining the extent to which latent familial internalizing and externalizing factors contribute to BPD and the degree to which traits such as anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, and aggression are associated with BPD, and the extent to which such associations reflect common familial factors.

«Processing speed may be an indicator of cognitive decline, which may be a factor in the reduced benefit with mSMT,» said Dr. Chiaravalloti.

At the start of the study, the researchers performed MRI scans on 35 people with mild cognitive impairment, which is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.

Though the authors couldn't pinpoint a mechanism from this study — it was associative — they note that one possibility is that the overconsumption of sugars and refined starches is a risk factor for inflammation and cardiovascular disease, both of which have been linked to the development of depression.This kind of diet could also lead insulin resistance, which has been linked to cognitive deficits similar to those found in people with major depression.

Individuals having higher scores were also those who showed a slower rate of decline in cognitive tests, even when other factors, like education level, which could account for the result, were considered.

AD, which takes a devastating toll on cognitive function, is not unlike heart disease in that there appear to be «many factors that play into who gets the disease,» including behavioral, environmental and genetic components, Dr. Morris said.

Caffeinated coffee increased plasma levels of granulocyte - colony stimulating factor (GCSF), which seemed to improve the cognitive performance of AD transgenic mice with the recruitment of bone marrow cells, enhanced synaptogenesis, and increased neurogenesis.

The goal is to shed light on which factors were more helpful in arriving at effective solutions — cognitive framing, social context, or a combination of the two.

This report analyzes how psychological factors, which may also be referred to as motivational or noncognitive factors, can matter even more than cognitive factors for students» academic performance.

The research uncovered empirical evidence with high degrees of confidence that determined which teaching skills, cognitive abilities, qualifications and attitudinal factors contribute most to teacher effectiveness... but the consortium didn't stop their work there.

Their research uncovered empirical evidence with high degrees of confidence that determined which teaching skills, cognitive abilities, qualifications and attitudinal factors contribute most to teacher effectiveness.

The Questionnaire for Aggressive Behavior of Children (FAVK) is a newly developed parent rating scale which assesses several factors of peer related aggression: (1) disturbance of social cognitive information processing, (2) disturbance of social problem solving and social skills, (3) disturbance of impulse control, and (4) disturbance of social interaction.

In addition to testing for learning disabilities, giftedness and school readiness, I am also a psychotherapist using mainly cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) techniques which puts me in a unique position to assess whether academic difficulties are due to a learning disability, emotional factors or cognitive (thought distortions) that get in the way of efficient learning.

ii) Assessment of construct validity: A comparative investigation of environment and individual factors, which are constituent elements of the social cognitive theory used in the extraction of questionnaire items, was carried out using exploratory factor analysis.

Resilience research has identified several mechanisms by which protective and vulnerability factors operate to increase or decrease the probability of competence in contexts of adversity, respectively.11 As noted previously, sensitive caregiving engenders adaptive neurobiological, behavioural, and cognitive organization in early childhood.4, 8 Thus, positive relationships contribute to resilient adaptation by promoting resources, such as self - esteem, self - efficacy and coping capacities.

The presentation addresses the empirical foundations of schema theory by shedding light on the role of early maladaptive schemas in depression etiology and reviews the clinical evidence of schema therapy as a possible treatment option for (chronic) depression: Limited evidence suggests that ST by targeting self - referential cognitive schemas (EMS) which mediate the effects of early life adversity on vulnerability towards and maintenance of depressive disorders in the sense of distal risk factors could be an effective treatment for depression and a feasible alternative to CBT (Brewin et al. 2009; Carter et al. 2013; Malogiannis et al. 2014; Renner et al. 2016).

In order to establish if there were differential effects of brief or repeated maternal mental health on child behaviour, emotional, social and / or cognitive outcomes which were independent of socio - demographic and environmental factors, separate models were run for each of the outcomes.

This report examines whether the gap in cognitive ability between children from different social backgrounds changes between ages 3 and 5 and which factors influence improvement in cognitive ability.

3 FACTORS WHICH HELP OR HINDER IMPROVEMENT 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Key findings 3.3 Domains of influence on cognitive development 3.3.1 Demographic characteristics 3.3.2 Family composition 3.3.3 Parenting factors 3.3.4 Experience of childcare and pre-school 3.3.5 Child health and early development 3.3.6 Parenting support 3.3.7 Maternal health and health behaviours 3.3.8 Material and economic circumstances 3.4 Summary of single domain effects 3.5 Combined domain effects 3.5.1 Summary of combined domain effects 3.5.2 Explaining the effect of education on gaps in FACTORS WHICH HELP OR HINDER IMPROVEMENT 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Key findings 3.3 Domains of influence on cognitive development 3.3.1 Demographic characteristics 3.3.2 Family composition 3.3.3 Parenting factors 3.3.4 Experience of childcare and pre-school 3.3.5 Child health and early development 3.3.6 Parenting support 3.3.7 Maternal health and health behaviours 3.3.8 Material and economic circumstances 3.4 Summary of single domain effects 3.5 Combined domain effects 3.5.1 Summary of combined domain effects 3.5.2 Explaining the effect of education on gaps in factors 3.3.4 Experience of childcare and pre-school 3.3.5 Child health and early development 3.3.6 Parenting support 3.3.7 Maternal health and health behaviours 3.3.8 Material and economic circumstances 3.4 Summary of single domain effects 3.5 Combined domain effects 3.5.1 Summary of combined domain effects 3.5.2 Explaining the effect of education on gaps in ability

Factors which were found to be significantly related to lower cognitive scores included maternal characteristics (low maternal educational attainment and younger age) and socio - economic factors (living in an area of deprivation, an urban area of residence, larger family size and living in persistent poverty during the early Factors which were found to be significantly related to lower cognitive scores included maternal characteristics (low maternal educational attainment and younger age) and socio - economic factors (living in an area of deprivation, an urban area of residence, larger family size and living in persistent poverty during the early factors (living in an area of deprivation, an urban area of residence, larger family size and living in persistent poverty during the early years).

The defendant is then evaluated by The Program to determine whether the mental health criteria is satisfied; evaluations include The Program's preferred interview and psychological assessment battery, which examines symptom validity, psychiatric symptoms, cognitive ability, and risk factors.

Additional studies that address protective factors (e.g., family and social support systems and the child's cognitive and social skills) are warranted as well as studies examining gender differences in the developmental pathways leading to adult APP which include measures tapping female types of aggression.

To improve our understanding of the development of depressive symptoms, future research could test hypotheses in which factors from different levels interact, i.e., cognitions, genetics, environment, affect, negative life experiences, as suggested by the cognitive vulnerability - transactional stress model (Hankin and Abramson 2001).

This report analyzes how psychological factors, which may also be referred to as motivational or noncognitive factors, can matter even more than cognitive factors for students» academic performance.

As the scale included factors such as below average cognitive development, language and behavioural problems, all of which are much more common in boys, it is unsurprising that that this analysis found a difference between boys and girls.

In order to identify those at risk for developing a mental illness, this study will target personality risk factors, including hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity and sensation seeking, which have been shown to reliably predict substance misuse, anxiety, emotional and behavioural disorders in young people.23 24 It is hypothesised that the intervention cognitive training programme (focusing on executive functioning) will be more effective than the active control cognitive training programme (focusing on cognitive abilities other than executive functioning) in reducing psychopathology.

Analyses of findings from an earlier intensive child development program for low birth weight children and their parents (the Infant Health and Development Program) suggest that the cognitive effects for the children were mediated through the effects on parents, and the effects on parents accounted for between 20 and 50 % of the child effects.10 A recent analysis of the Chicago Child Parent Centers, an early education program with a parent support component, examined the factors responsible for the program's significant long - term effects on increasing rates of school completion and decreasing rates of juvenile arrest.11 The authors conducted analyses to test alternative hypotheses about the pathways from the short - term significant effects on children's educational achievement at the end of preschool to these long - term effects, including (a) that the cognitive and language stimulation children experienced in the centres led to a sustained cognitive advantage that produced the long - term effects on the students» behaviour; or (b) that the enhanced parenting practices, attitudes, expectations and involvement in children's education that occurred early in the program led to sustained changes in the home environments that made them more supportive of school achievement and behavioural norms, which in turn produced the long - term effects on the students» behaviour.

Thus, there appears to be a paradoxical relationship between socioeconomic factors and cognitive status: poor social cognitive status can contribute to psychosocial and biological vulnerability, which can then serve to further deteriorate supportive social resources [57].