Sentences with phrase «which electron spins»

University of Groningen scientists led by physics professor Bart van Wees have created a graphene - based device, in which electron spins can be injected and detected with unprecedented efficiency.

Not exact matches

Each hydrogen atom, made up of just a single proton and electron, can be found in two slightly different states: a higher energy state in which the electron and proton essentially spin in the same direction, and a lower energy state in which they spin in opposite directions.

In an ordinary superconductor, electrons, which carry a spin of 1/2, pair up and flow uninhibited with the help of vibrations in the atomic structure.

But physicists are now fashioning a new parallel system called spintronics — of which skyrmions are a part — based on the motion of electron spin, that property that makes atoms magnetic (SN Online: 9/26/17).

Choose some direction along which to align the magnets — say, the z - axis — and the spin of any electron will only ever be found to be up or down; no electron will ever be measured as three - quarters «up» along that direction.

One sent these electrons into a fuzzy quantum state, in which the spin of each electron had a 50 - 50 chance of being either up or down.

That in turn could make the materials attractive building blocks for spintronic devices, which compute by manipulating electron spins.

But a second generation is already up and running, and encompasses this new study, in which electrons» own spin - orbit interaction acts on them as if there were a real external magnetic field, even if there is not.

In this configuration the lead forms «islands» below the graphene and the electrons of this two - dimensional material behave as if in the presence of a colossal 80 - tesla magnetic field, which facilitates the selective control of the flow of spins.

The research team, which included Natalya Pugach from the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, studied the interactions between superconductivity and magnetization in order to understand how to control electron spins (electron magnetic moments) and to create the new generation of electronics.

El - Sayed is known throughout physical chemistry for «El - Sayed's Rule,» which handles complexities of electron spin orbits, and which has found a lasting place in photochemistry textbooks.

In addition to carrying a charge, electrons have another property called spin, which relates to their magnetic properties.

The material of their choice, the compound Ag2BiO3, is exceptional for two reasons; on the one hand it is composed of the heavy element bismuth, which allows the spin of the electron to interact with its own motion (spin - orbit coupling)-- a feature that has no analogy in classical physics.

Take the spin of the electron, for example, which can point up or down.

After overcoming a few technical hurdles related to this circular motion, they tracked electrons» spin precession over the course of 0.7 seconds — about 1000 times longer than was previously possible with beams, which should open the way to greater sensitivity.

The information is stored in the spin of the electrons which can turn up or down.

Before this happens, however, Earth's magnetic field can alter the relative alignment of the electrons» spins, which in turn alters the chemical properties of the molecules involved.

A few years ago, researchers from the University of Cambridge showed that it was possible to create electron pairs in which the spins are aligned: up - up or down - down.

Now, the same researchers have found a set of materials which encourage the pairing of spin - aligned electrons, so that a spin current flows more effectively in the superconducting state than in the non-superconducting (normal) state.

Earth's magnetic field may influence the spin of these free electrons, which birds could then detect, explains biophysicist Thorsten Ritz of the University of California at Irvine, who was not involved in the Heyers study.

What makes this possible is a bizarre phenomenon known as entanglement, in which a pair of particles have complementary characteristics, such as two electrons spinning in opposite directions.

But thanks to an eerie quantum effect known as superposition — which allows an atom, electron or other particle to exist in two or more states, such as «spinning» in opposite directions at once — a single qubit made of a particle in superposition can simultaneously encompass both digits.

Moreover, these materials owe their special quality to their electronic properties: In topological materials, the direction of spin determines the direction in which the electrons travel.

Now researchers at the University of Utah, The Florida State University, University College London and the University of Sydney in Australia report a way to extend that informational lifetime to more than 100 seconds by encoding an electron's spin onto the much longer - lived spin of an atomic nucleus, which can then be read out electronically.

Moreover, the team discovered that the spin effect is governed by the direction of electron orbitals, which can be viewed as «hidden degrees of freedom» in molecules.

Consequently, the analysis revealed that the metal atoms at the center of the organic molecules retained electron spins, which could generate magnetism.

«The electrons will travel in one direction, and with one type of spin, which is a useful quality for spintronics devices.»

«Spin» is a magnetic property of electrons, which can take the values «up» or «down».

Second, they're drawn by carbon atoms with high spin charge, which interacts with the oxygen atoms» spin - polarized electron orbitals.

In addition to carrying a negative electric charge, electrons also carry spin, which can point up or down like a tiny bar magnet.

In some materials, electron spins spontaneously align their direction, leading to the phenomenon of ferromagnetism which is well known e.g. in iron.

Spin - charge converters are important devices in spintronics, an electronic which is not only based on the charge of electrons but also on their spin and the spin - related magnetSpin - charge converters are important devices in spintronics, an electronic which is not only based on the charge of electrons but also on their spin and the spin - related magnetspin and the spin - related magnetspin - related magnetism.

How an electron interacts with other matter depends on which way it's spinning as it zips along — to the right like a football thrown by a right - handed quarterback or the left like a pigskin thrown by a lefty.

In these images, the initial spin - singlet exciton state (left), which features electron - hole pairs, splits into a pair of spin - triplet excitons (right).

This could make the materials beneficial for spin - related electronics, which would use the orientation of the electron spin to encode information, thereby opening up a whole new realm of computer technology.

The exchange interaction refers to the magnetic interaction between electrons within an atom, which is determined by the orientation of each electron's magnetic «spin» — a quantum mechanical property to describe the intrinsic angular momentum carried by elementary particles, with only two options, either «up» or «down».

Another radical approach is called spintronics, which relies on information being transmitted within a chip using a property of electrons called spin.

Although a spin - liquid state has previously been observed in herbertsmithite, there has never been a detailed analysis of how the material's electrons respond to light — a key to determining which of several competing theories about the material is correct.

The way in which electrons interact with one another in superconductors is dictated by spin.

The electron spin, which is less resilient to electromagnetic stimulation than the nuclear spin, was used as a processing qubit that the scientists used to read and write data.

The cooling slowed the natural motion of the atoms to a near stop, which allowed the researchers to observe the electron spins» dance around the Ytterbium (Yb) atoms in the YbMgGaO4 crystal.

The electron does not only carry a charge, though: It has another important property, spin, which is a quantum mechanical analog of a rotating body's angular momentum in classical physics.

In a paper published in npj Quantum Information2., CEA - Leti and Inac reported that an electron spin in a SOI transistor can also be manipulated by pure electrical signals, which enable fast and scalable spin qubits.

We combine this scheme with optically polarized nitrogen - vacancy (NV) center spins in diamonds which provides near perfect electron polarization source at room temperature.

The latter often rely on the transfer of the thermally polarized electron spins to nearby nuclear spins, which is limited by the Boltzmann distribution.

Making them in a conductor could be useful in spintronics, a promising new type of electronics, which is based on the magnetic moment (or spin) of electrons.

In close collaboration with our UNSW colleagues, we apply this method to the fabrication of quantum computer devices containing few or single atoms in which single electron spins can be controlled and read - out.