Sentences with phrase «which electrons flow»

The difference between AC and DC has to do with the direction in which the electrons flow.

Researchers manipulate the proteins contained in the thylakoids, interrupting the pathway along which electrons flow.

``...» In a positive - to - ground lightning strike, positive charges first rush from the cloud to the ground, creating a lightning channel through which electrons flow from the ground back up to the cloud.

But in a technique called adiabatic quantum computing, researchers cool metal circuits into a superconducting state in which electrons flow freely, resulting in qubits.

Not exact matches

In an ordinary superconductor, electrons, which carry a spin of 1/2, pair up and flow uninhibited with the help of vibrations in the atomic structure.

If, however, the gap size was 8 microns or larger, the researchers observed a phase transition, in which bacteria in every well synchronized, flowing in the same direction, like aligned electrons in a magnetic field.

The satellite, which swoops on an egg - shaped orbit to within 350 kilometers of Earth's surface, detected electrical impulses from electrons coursing upward within charged sheets that shadow the downward flowing auroral electrons.

This quote can be found, Colin Stone informs us, at poweroptimizer.com, which goes on to claim that the device works by «training the electrons to flow more efficiently».

In this configuration the lead forms «islands» below the graphene and the electrons of this two - dimensional material behave as if in the presence of a colossal 80 - tesla magnetic field, which facilitates the selective control of the flow of spins.

Unlike superconducting metal alloys, which must remain within a few degrees of absolute zero in order to display their resistance - free electron flow, high - Tc superconductors can operate at temperatures around 77 kelvins.

Many people picture electrical conductivity as the flow of charged particles (mainly electrons) without really thinking about the atomic structure of the material through which those charges are moving.

This concerted flow of electrons constitutes an electric current which in turn creates a magnetic field across the gap, perhaps providing the spark which causes the opposing fields on either side to break and reconnect.

They also found that lanthanum and arsenic atoms separated platinum layers from each other in a way, they speculate, which weakens the interaction between platinum electrons, allowing them to flow more freely and resulting in the superconducting property.

But subsequent scans taken as more charge carriers were added revealed that the static pattern disappeared and electrons began to flow freely in all directions at exactly the same level of doping — close to the point at which the most robust superconductivity sets in.

In addition, ARPES can not be used to visualize electron behavior in insulators — materials within which electric current does not flow freely.

But whereas those materials were made up of covalent bonds — in which pairs of atoms share electrons — these 2 - D metals are composed of metallic bonds, where electrons flow more freely among atoms.

The magnetism is associated with the localization of electrons, whereas superconductivity is a state in which electrons are paired and can flow without resistance.

Using a specially built microscope capable of imaging matter at the atomic scale, the researchers were able to visualize traps, which can adversely affect the flow of electrons and elementary energy packets called excitons.

Table - salt - like TiN is metallic, which means it can conduct a flow of electrons that makes up a current.

This gave electrons on the surface of the material robust, «topologically protected» states, which allowed them to flow with next to no resistance.

This motion would be detected by measuring image charges, which are induced by the moving electrons, flowing through another electrode using a commercially available current amplifier and lock - in detector.

Now, the same researchers have found a set of materials which encourage the pairing of spin - aligned electrons, so that a spin current flows more effectively in the superconducting state than in the non-superconducting (normal) state.

The grating, which comprises a small modulation in the optical material properties, forms a bandgap for light, which strongly effects the propagation of light, in the same way that semiconductors control the flow of electrons.

Iron is a metal, which means it can easily conduct a flow of electrons that makes up an electric current.

In a study in the journal Nature researchers created a «pseudo gap,» in which electrons in superconducting materials line up just before flowing resistance - free.

From there, they flow to the platinum cathode, which needs electrons to carry out its own electrochemical reactions.

«We have called it a gate sensor because, as well as detecting the movement of individual electrons, the device is able to control its flow as if it were an electronic gate which opens and closes,» explains González Zalba.

But to reveal synapses — the minute signalling junctions through which electrical or chemical signals flow — nanometer - resolution electron microscopy is required.

Super-complexes, able to specifically perform linear or cyclic photosynthetic electron flow have been identified, and all contain the enzyme ferredoxin NADP + reductase (FNR), which is also present as a soluble protein.

The extreme cold will keep the calorimeter poised between a superconducting state — one in which electrons can flow without resistance — and a non-superconducting state that provides resistance.

The smoother the seam between two materials, the more easily electrons flow across it, which is essential for how well electronic devices function.

Peter O'Toole heads the Imaging and Cytometry Labs within the Technology Facility at the University of York which includes an array of confocal microscopes, flow cytometers and electron microscopes.

But the affair doesn't last — using the battery in an electronic device creates a conduit through which the slippery electrons can flow.

The flow of electrons is faster on graphene transistors than conventional transistors, which enables faster data transfers between chips, Lin said.

In a solar cell, the first step is for the energy of the light to knock electrons loose from the solar - cell material (usually silicon); then, those electrons need to be funneled toward a collector, from which they can form a current that flows to charge a battery or power a device.

For example, students could be building a speaker from scratch (in which amplified electrical signals are converted into magnetic fields) and the system would display the flow of electrons, magnetic forces or sensor values.

In the case of electricity, it is the net flow of electrons which constitutes an electric current.