Sentences with phrase «which emissions peak»

«To avoid the worst outcomes, we need to immediately adopt an emission reduction scenario in which emissions peak within the next two decades and then decrease very significantly, replacing fossil fuels with cleaner energy sources like solar and wind.»

The x-axis for each panel shows: (a) emissions time - integrated between 1750 and 2500, (b) emissions time - integrated between 2010 and 2050, (c) emissions in the year 2020, (d) emissions in the year 2050, (e) the year in which emissions peak, and (f) the peak or maximum in emissions.

Additionally, we consider (v) the peak emissions rate and (vi) the year in which emissions peak.

Not exact matches

The United States needs to develop strong new post-2020 targets; the European Union will decide on its 2030 targets later this year; and China needs to move from its current emissions intensity goal to setting a year in which absolute emissions will peak.

Under the strictest pathway (RCP 2.6), which assumes an early peak of greenhouse gas emissions which then decline substantially, the potential net increases in mortality rates at the end of the century be minimal (between -0.4 % and +0.6 %) in all the regions included in this study, highlighting the benefits of the implementation of mitigation policies.

But a fixed national cap would be better once China's emissions peak, which could happen in the 2020s or 2030s.

Spectroscopic observations taken with the GTC - 10.4 m telescope reveal a broad (FWHM ~ 1100 km / s), double - peaked H alpha emission line from which we constrain the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the donor to be K2 > 250 km / s.

The scientists exploited this molecular mechanism to construct a tumour - specific probe called POL - N (Protein transduction domain [PTD]- ODD - Luciferase - Near - infrared [NIR] dye) which contained: 1) the ODD core, 2) a PTD for intracellular delivery, 3) red - shifted luciferase, and 4) a NIR fluorescent dye with peak emission around 700 nm.

Li Keqiang, China's prime minister, said in a statement the country «will work hard» to peak its CO2 emissions before 2030, which was its previous commitment as part of the United States - China joint pledge from November 2014, the first time China had agreed to mitigate emissions.

The new BMW i3s provides zero emissions and features a high output 181 bhp electric motor which generates peak torque of 269 Nm.

As for the BMW i3S, the car comes with a zero - emission electric motor that is powered by a 33 kWh lithium - ion battery, offering a power output of 181 bhp electric motor which generates peak torque of 269 Nm.

The engine produces 74kW and 133Nm, which is reduced from the output of 79kW and 135Nm for the same powerplant in the previous model, but the new engine is now compliant with the Euro 5 emissions standard, and both peak power and torque occur slightly lower in the rev range for the new model.

This paper reports an analysis that finds, «[Short - lived climate pollutant] emissions in any given decade only have a significant impact on peak temperature under circumstances in which CO2 emissions are falling.

Total anthropogenic emissions of one trillion tonnes of carbon (3.67 trillion tonnes of CO2), about half of which has already been emitted since industrialization began, results in a most likely peak carbon - dioxide induced warming of 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial temperatures, with a 5 — 95 % confidence interval of 1.3 — 3.9 degrees Celsius.

The ability of a band to shape the temperature profile of the whole atmosphere should tend to be maximum at intermediate optical thicknesses (for a given band width), because at small optical thicknesses, the amounts of emission and absorption within any layer will be small relative to what happens in other bands, while at large optical thicknesses, the net fluxes will tend to go to zero (except near TOA and, absent convection, the surface) and will be insensitive to changes in the temperature profile (except near TOA), thus allowing other bands greater control over the temperature profile (depending on wavelength — greater influence for bands with larger bandwidths at wavelengths closer to the peak wavelength — which will depend on temperature and thus vary with height.

Also, there are dangers to CO2 emission other than the peak, such as the long tail of the CO2 perturbation which will dominate the ultimate sea level response, and the acidification of the ocean.

To get to the trajectory altogether, which would imply peaking of global energy emissions well before 2020 other big polluters will have to deliver on their emission cuts, too.

Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 are increasing, and accelerating, and current proposals for reducing them present no plausible scenario in which emissions will actually peak and decline in anywhere near the time frame that is required to avoid what are generally considered «dangerous» levels of CO2 (although points 1 - 3 above suggest that the current levels are more dangerous than has been generally believed).

(Which might occur after peak anthropogenic CO2 emissions.)

India, for example, has been under intense pressure to announce a date by which it would peak its carbon emissions ever since China did just that in December in a bilateral agreement with the United States.

In 2005, which is when CO2 emissions in the RGGI states reached a peak, coal accounted for 23 % of the regional generation mix and petroleum accounted for 12 %.

2008 data shows emissions have declined since peaking in 1999, but in recent years have oscillated around a flat trajectory, which the Commission expects to continue through 2010.

The red line shows a 2 °C emergency stabilization pathway, in which global CO2 emissions peak in 2013 and fall to 80 % below 1990 levels in 2050.

What is needed is enough specificity to allow a clear understanding of the effort needed, in terms of the time available before global emissions need to peak, and the rate at which they will have to decline thereafter.

To understand emissions reductions necessary to have a good chance of limiting warming to 2 °C, the climate community has focused largely on emissions pathways — that is, when greenhouse gas emissions peak and the rate at which they must decline (e.g. peak sooner and then reduce less steeply versus peak later and then reduce more steeply).

And after another quick scan, I find table SPM.6 from the Synthesis which says emissions would need to peak sometime before the middle of the century to limit temperature rises to under 4 degrees (with a peak by 2015 to achieve less than 2 degrees warming)... I think most would agree that some degree of «drastic action» is going to be required to achieve a peak in emissions within this time frame, particularly while we have guys like you running around, would you not?

To counter this business - as - usual scenario, the Stern Review proposes a climate stabilization regime in which greenhouse gas emissions would peak by 2015 and then drop 1 percent per year after that, so as to stabilize at a 550 ppm CO2e (with a significant chance that the global average temperature increase would thereby be kept down to 3 °C).

This trend was reinforced by the reciprocal climate deal that China struck with the Obama administration in November, under which China agreed to peak its carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and put a cap on coal burning by 2020.

It promised to reach peak emissions by 2026, which is a slightly more aggressive goal than China's.

Still, the US and China's bilateral climate agreement last fall — which committed China to peak its emissions by 2030, and the US to its 28 percent emissions cut by 2025 — offers a glimmer of hope.

We have plotted most likely peak temperatures as a function of four different cumulative emission metrics: year 1750 — 2500 (figure 3a), year 1750 to the time at which peak warming occurs (figure 3b), year 1750 — 2100 (figure 3c) and year 1750 — 2200 (figure 3d).

This occurs because the cumulative totals include contributions for portions of the emissions floor that are emitted after the time of peak warming, which can have no effect on peak warming, as illustrated by the green curves in figure 1.

Extending this analysis to include pathways with cumulative emissions of more than 3 TtC, a resultant warming of more than 3 — 4 °C, or cases in which temperatures fail to peak by 2500 would be possible in principle, but would take us outside the range of pathways for which such a simple model is appropriate.

The black crosses and the grey diamonds lie in the same region of figure 5e, which suggests that the peak rate of warming is not heavily affected by the emissions after the emissions peak.

The majority of the spread comes from the variation in post-2050 emissions, which will have a significant impact on peak temperatures, but which by definition are not included in 2010 — 2050 metrics.

This month China suspended price adjustments for fuel as a way to curb automobile exhaust and it has pledged to peak carbon emissions around 2030, by which time it aims to derive 20 percent of the energy it uses from clean sources.

These emissions beyond 2100 are not accounted for in this metric, but will influence the peak warming, which accounts for most of the lack of correlation in figure 3c.

Figure 5a — e appear to correspond with our principal finding that peak emissions rate determines the peak warming rate, which is illustrated in figure 5f.

The maximum rate of CO2 - induced warming, which will affect the feasibility and cost of adapting to climate change, is not determined by cumulative emissions but is tightly aligned with peak rates of emissions.

Because an emissions peak in the next decade will be heavily constrained by the rate of emissions today, figure 5e appears to have some correlation near the present day, which gets worse as we move into the future.

Prior to the immense post-WWII consumer / industrial CO2 emissions, the world was warming, which peaked in the year 1944 (see chart).

On top of past emissions, the total amount depends on two critical factors — the year in which global emissions reach their peak, and how quickly they fall thereafter.

For that reason one more sensitivity has been added to the palette: TCRE (Transient Climate Response to Emissions), which relates the peak temperature to the cumulative total of eEmissions), which relates the peak temperature to the cumulative total of emissionsemissions.

Based on new research, this latest paper echoes findings from the Beijing - based Energy Resources Institute (ERI) in July 2013, which modelled an emissions peak in 2025.

As I wrote last year when the rule was initially announced, many states are already well on their way to achieving the required reductions, thanks in part to a recent boom in cheap natural gas and the Obama administration's choice of 2005 as the basis year for cuts, which was close to America's all - time peak in carbon emissions.

For a while, I thought there might be something like peak oil production which would by itself restrain GHG emissions.

Translating this commitment into quantitative implications for cumulative carbon involves a lot of guesswork as to how China will go about fulfilling its commitment, because the agreement does not spell out the value at which emissions will peak.

The L'Aquila text is ambiguous in several key ways, as it specifies only that the peak must be «as soon as possible» and omits the reference year against which goal the 50 % reduction in «global emissions» by 2050 is to be calculated.

Even if developed countries didn't use the loopholes and kept to their pledges, it would still be very difficult to achieve global peaking of GHG emissions by 2015, which is what we want.

Therefore, low emissions peaking generation can't play a major part in reducing GHG emissions, which is the main justification for renewables in the first place.