Sentences with phrase «which genes code»

They have discovered that the same underlying constituents serve in the make - up of all living organisms on earth and constitute both the genes and the proteins which these genes code.

Larison and her research team have also collected zebra tissue samples and have used cutting - edge technology to sequence zebra DNA to try to identify which genes code for striping.

Adam, a robot designed at Aberystwyth University in the UK, created 20 hypotheses about yeast genes and illuminated a decades - old puzzle concerning which genes code for an enzyme.

Soon after researchers began to sequence individual genomes 5 years ago, they realized that everyone's DNA seems to have major mutations that disable the protein for which the gene codes.

Not exact matches

That's not to say gene editing is new (it isn't), but Crispr simplifies the process by using molecular scissors that can be precisely targeted to snip out aberrant regions of genetic code, which can then be replaced with the correct sequences.

Molecular biology's famous «Central Dogma» states that DNA, the living computer code that makes up our genes, is first transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into specific proteins, which ultimately do the 24/7 work of the body and form its many structures.

It is caused by mutations on the ABCD1 gene, which codes for a membrane transporter protein.

The OAR proposal uses a variation of therapeutic cloning called altered nuclear transfer (ANT) in which the nucleus of a donor cell (a skin cell, for example), containing the 30,000 genes of the genetic code, is altered in such a way that it produces an epigenetic factor, a protein called nanog.

At the heart of your Behe article are two concessions which simply don't support ID: 1) the ability of evolution to produce functional novelty via gene duplication / mutation and exaptation exists; and 2) that evidence of «new information» in the form of «new Functional Coded elemenTs, or «FCTs»» also exists.

The scientists used CRISPR, a gene - editing tool, to alter inserted genes so that the enzymes for which they coded would work most efficiently amid the exotic acidity, osmotic character and chemical composition of their new home.

About one in 8,000 children is born with some form of SMA in which mutations in both copies of the gene that code for the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein cripples its production.

In particular, he has focused on targeting the gene coding for flagellin protein b, or flaB, which has proved to be quite distinct from one genospecies to the next.

The human genome contains some 20,000 - 25,000 protein - coding genes, which is surprisingly similar to the number of genes in worms and flies.

Gene discovery was greatly facilitated by a new exome sequencing technology, which analyzes all protein - coding regions of the genome at once.

This is the science of epigenetics, in which chemical changes to genetic material turn genes on or off without changing the order of the DNA code inherited from your parents.

The two - step process of TILT — getting sick upon toxicant exposure and failing to get well — may be driven by epigenetic changes, which occur when the environment alters the expression of genes without changing the core DNA code itself.

The «business end» of the gene — which codes for the actual receptor — was fairly constant in humans, suggesting that individual differences exist within the gene's regulatory areas.

A third influential gene was ARMS / KIDINS220, which codes for a protein that regulates the growth of nerve cells.

Several mutations were found in genes coding the machinery that makes mitochondrial proteins, and so would probably hinder mitochondria's ability to make the chemical fuel called ATP, which is used by normal cells.

(The DNA in genes code for mRNA, which, in turn, codes for proteins.)

Akin attached a luciferase gene — which codes for the enzyme that makes fireflies glow — to L. monocytogenes and injected the germs into living mice.

A decade of post-genomic biology has also focused new attention on the regions outside protein - coding genes, many of which are likely to have key functions, through regulating the expression of protein - coding genes and by making a slew of non-coding RNA molecules.

Even the code - script idea, which looks so prescient today, had no direct effect on how biologists looked at what was in a gene.

They sequenced the gene coding for the receptor in patients with either severe skin allergies or hyper - IgE syndrome, a rare condition in which the body produces too much IgE.

Not long after the HD gene was isolated, studies led by MacDonald, also a co-author of the current investigation, found that a variation in the number of CAG trinucleotide repeats within the HD gene, which codes for a protein called huntingtin, is the primary determinant of the age at which HD symptoms appear, with a greater number of CAG repeats associated with an earlier symptom onset.

But knowing this, researchers note, does not necessarily explain what those genes do, given that many genes code for multiple forms of a protein, each of which could have a different role in a variety of biological processes.

A phage means bacteria eater and so they were very specific hosts, which is a very specific bacteria, and we like these viruses a lot because they only have a couple different genes and those genes code for a couple different proteins and so they are easy for us to manipulate in the lab.

Schrödinger didn't think there was a correspondence between each part of the gene and precise biochemical processes, which is what a code implies.

«The genes and chromosomes contain what Schrödinger calls a «code script,» that gives orders which are carried out.

Four HCN genes that code for proteins which form ion channels in neurons could be involved, because these channels are vital for electrical signalling in nerves.

So Axel Visel of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California focused on «enhancers»: short sequences of DNA — which are still sometimes called «junk» — that do not code for genes but can influence their activity.

They collected messenger RNA (mRNA), which is made from active genes and eventually codes for proteins; because each gene has a unique corresponding mRNA strand, mRNA levels reveal which genes are actively making proteins.

In actual fact, the gene varies depending on the tissue where it is located (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, olfactory epithelium, etc.); in particular, what varies is the point in the «string» of code at which protein synthesis starts.

With such long stretches of DNA, Hung and his team could assess the extent to which the sequences of DNA code in the genes in the three specimens varied from bird to bird.

The new locus they have identified is near a cluster of genes which code for proteins called «glycophorins» that are involved in the malaria parasite's invasion of red blood cells.

One gene, which codes for a powerful growth - stimulating hormone in mice and humans, is expressed only by paternally derived genes.

They carry their own DNA, coding for 37 genes, which is passed down from mother to child through the mitochondria in the egg cytoplasm.

Even more notable, Loki has genes that code for proteins involved in phagocytosis, the process by which one cell can swallow another — and widely believed to be the way eukaryotes acquired mitochondria, a cell's power source.

Infants were also screened for mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene, which codes for a key skin barrier protein.

The researchers have studied analyses of the genetic material of viruses found in newly infected people and, in particular, the gene env, which codes for the protein envelope or «coat» around the virus.

The unique Hox gene coding that we observed in this study is likely to have evolved in a transitional organism, in which fins began to develop a more limblike structure.

For example, the Antarctic icefish, a pale, near - transparent inhabitant of the frigid South Atlantic Ocean, has not only lost its ancestors» power to make oxygen - binding red hemoglobin (which it does not need in the cold oxygen - rich waters) but the two genes that code for hemoglobin have also gone extinct: one has disappeared, and the other remains as a non-coding «molecular fossil,» a useless remnant that hints at past use but still resides in the icefish DNA.

She notes that a few of the genes the team identified code for glutamate receptors, which play a key role in learning and memory and may have been selected in humans as well.

The mGlu2 decrease, they determined, resulted from an epigenetic change, which affects the expression of genes, in this case the gene that codes for mGlu2.

Ten of those genes code for odor receptors, which researchers anticipate could become targets for future louse repellents.

The gene, called gyrase B, codes for a variable subunit of the DNA gyrase protein, which helps DNA coil and uncoil.

While the genetic code carried in our DNA provides instructions for cells to manufacture specific proteins, it is a second code that determines which genes are in fact activated in particular cell types.

All of these genes code for transcription factors, which are proteins that control the expression of other genes.

Bacteria can become resistant to the antibiotic either as the result of a spontaneous mutation or by picking up an appropriate «resistance gene» (which codes for a protein that confers resistance) from another bacterium via genetic exchange.

According to the 6 April report in the Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, researchers at Guangzhou Medical University in China attempted — with limited success — to modify the CCR5 gene, which codes for a cell receptor that the HIV virus uses to enter T cells.