Sentences with phrase «which known particles»

One way of explaining its heaviness is through supersymmetry theory, in which known particles are coupled with heavier ones that might be observed in bigger particle colliders.

Not exact matches

We have no idea what's causing this gravity, though — we haven't directly detected the theorized particles that make up this mysterious material that doesn't seem to interact (other than gravitationally) with normal matter like light and the particles that we know and love, which is what makes it invisible, and therefore «dark» to most instruments normally used to understand our universe.

CC: The hypothesis we are thinking about is about what is going on among elementary particles, which we don't know anything much about.

Another is Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, which asserts that it is not possible to know both where a particle is and how fast it is moving.

When science has gained a more perfect picture of the spatio - temporal patterns exhibited by the life and adventures of a particle, including perhaps the evolution of the cosmos from a stage in which it did not contain this particle, and into one in which it will no longer contain it, then perhaps speculation as to an inner life of the particle.

fred likes the quantun physics argument, because most people don't even know what quantum mechanics deal with, which is mainly a mathematical description of much of the dual particle - like and wave - like behavior and interactions of energy and matter.

Many of us played an important role in helping to develop what became known as the Standard Model of physics, which is our best mathematical description of the fundamental forces and particles.

These researchers favor a theory known as modified Newtonian dynamics, or MOND (SN: 3/31/07, p. 206), which adjusts the rules of gravity to make sense of stars» motions, without requiring any new, elusive particles.

Concerns about the well - being of elephants have so far blocked plans for the $ 167 million India - based Neutrino Observatory, which would tune in to the lightest known fundamental particles.

The interactions between neighbouring particles try to align them either in the same or in the opposite direction, which is known as the Ising model, after the physicist Ernst Ising who studied it in his 1924 PhD thesis.

But if you do know which way they are moving, you will be able to angle the piston so that the moving particles drive it.

The detector developed at UNH, known as DoSEN, short for Dose Spectra from Energetic Particles and Neutrons, measures and calculates the absorbed dose in matter and tissue resulting from the exposure to indirect and direct ionizing radiation, which can change cells at the atomic level and lead to irreparable damage.

When the body senses these particles, it kick - starts specialized immune defenses, including the production of immune cells known as lymphocytes, which learn to recognize and attack viral DNA.

One of these is the uncertainty principle, which states that in the quantum world it is impossible to simultaneously know two quantities, such as a particle's location and its momentum, with complete accuracy.

Confirmation of the fourth neutrino would have given researchers a sign that something was wrong with their highly successful Standard Model, which describes the known particles.

That might cover studies on whether there are genetic changes that would allow Ebola to be transmitted through airborne particles, said epidemiologist Michael Osterholm of the University of Minnesota, something that is crucial for public health officials to know, he said, but which should not be made public.

That's exactly what Peter Higgs and François Englert were doing 50 years ago when they came up with what's now known as the Higgs mechanism, which imparts mass to fundamental particles.

In their paper, «Higgs Seesaw Mechanism as a Source for Dark Energy,» Krauss and Dent explore how a possible small coupling between the Higgs particle, and possible new particles likely to be associated with what is conventionally called the Grand Unified Scale — a scale perhaps 16 orders of magnitude smaller than the size of a proton, at which the three known non-gravitational forces in nature might converge into a single theory — could result in the existence of another background field in nature in addition to the Higgs field, which would contribute an energy density to empty space of precisely the correct scale to correspond to the observed energy density.

There's no other particle in nature that we know of which has this property.

The research focuses on the power of minute airborne particles known as aerosols, which can come from urban and industrial air pollution, wildfires and other sources.

The break, known as LS1 for «long stop one», is needed to correct several flaws in the original design of the collider, which is located underground at CERN, Europe's particle - physics laboratory near Geneva in Switzerland.

It has been known for several years that sulfuric acid contributes to the formation of tiny aerosol particles, which play an important role in the formation of clouds.

In individuals, whose HDL - cholesterol levels were low, the quality of HDL particles was also impaired; they contained smaller amounts of lipid molecules which are known to be antioxidant and thus protective to arteries.

But, they argued, this scenario violated the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which said that it's impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle at the same time [because the act of measuring one instantly and unavoidably changes the other].

Although the LHC will not come anywhere close to detecting strings, it may confirm a precursor theory called supersymmetry, in which every known type of particle has a «superpartner»: an unstable, heavier twin.

The results showed that there are different possible configurations: Sometimes the particles are tightly packed in a simple hexagonal structure, which is well known from crystals.

In further tests, researchers stimulated sensitive long hairs on the spider's legs and body — previously known to pick up near - field airflow and vibrations — which generated a response in the same neurons that fired after hearing distant sounds, providing evidence the hairs are likely detecting nanoscale air particles that become excited from a sound wave.

In the field of astrophysics, the University of Cambridge physicist is also known for his work on gravity and black holes, including his 1974 postulation of the eponymous Hawking radiation, a phenomenon by which a black hole should give off a stream of particles from its outer boundary.

To understand — and eventually predict — which solar storms will intensify the radiation belts, scientists want to know where the energy that accelerates the particles comes from.

Einstein explained the so - called photoelectric effect by asserting that light, which was known to flow in continuous waves, could also be regarded as sputtering along in discrete particles, or quanta.

Our understanding of the structure of matter was revolutionized in 1964 when American physicist, Murray Gell - Mann, proposed that a category of particles known as baryons, which includes protons and neutrons, are composed of three fractionally charged objects called quarks, and that another category, mesons, are formed of quark - antiquark pairs.

With great precision, it describes all known matter — all the subatomic particles such as quarks and leptons — as well as the forces by which those particles interact with one another.

So they plump for a model in which the brown dwarfs revealed by microlensing are part of the relatively small but heavy spheroid, while the even heavier extended dark halo is made up of the more exotic particles variously known as WIMPs or cold dark matter.

They also tracked Apolipoprotein E (APOE 4), a well - known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's, as well as lifetime cumulative exposure to unhealthy levels of PM2.5 — particles which are at least 30 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair and frequently cause the haze over urban areas.

21 SOLAR SHUTDOWN Back in the 1970s, when it seemed that the sun was not emitting the expected number of particles known as neutrinos, some solar physicists proposed that our star might go through million - year stretches of reduced activity, during which time its brightness could drop by perhaps 40 percent.

I mean we all know that we are massive, we know that we consist of atoms, and the atoms have atom nucleis, protons and electrons, and neutrons — this is what we consist of but according to the theories which existed before the mechanism was proposed all these particles ought to have been massless.

It's looking for example, I mean, everyone knows that one of the things it's designed to do is look for this particle called the Higgs particle, which is a vital part of the standard model.

One would have to know the exact state of every particle in the earth's climate system for at least one time, which quantum mechanics tells us we can not know.

Proteinaceous infectious particles, also known as prions, are proteins in which the complex molecular three - dimensional folding process has simply gone astray.

Soot particles, also known as black carbon aerosols, affect climate by absorbing sunlight, which warms the surrounding air and limits the amount of solar radiation that reaches the ground.

But we may be unlucky and, as you know, for example, in particle physics, we have this amazing standard model which has survived the test of, unfortunately, of all experiments, over the last 30 years without really telling us yet what the fundamental physics is and we are hoping that the Large Hadron Collider will tell us the answer to that.

«Quarks» may be source of quasars» energy — The mysterious nuclear particles called «quarks,» which have not yet been detected but might nevertheless be basic building blocks of the atom's core, could be the source of the tremendous energy generated by the puzzling star - like objects known as quasars....

The new type of accelerator, known as a laser - plasma accelerator, uses pulses of laser light that blast through a soup of charged particles known as a plasma; the resulting plasma motion, which resemble waves in water, accelerates electrons riding atop the waves to high speeds.

The bulk, or interior, acts as an insulator, which means it prohibits the travel of electrons, but the surface of the material is conducting, allowing electrons to travel through a set of channels created by particles known as Dirac fermions.

Evidence of matter - antimatter differences in decays of baryons — particles which are composed of three smaller particles known as quarks — has eluded scientists until now.

The design inspiration for the new particles came from the natural world — specifically, small particles known as lipoproteins, which transport cholesterol and other fatty molecules throughout the body.

To fix this, theorists have introduced the concept of supersymmetry, in which each matter particle, known as a fermion, and each force particle, known as a boson, have large - mass counterparts, called superpartners.

What role does it play in spewing large streams of charged particles, known as coronal mass ejections, which strike Earth's atmosphere and can disrupt GPS systems and other sensitive technologies?

The discovery has «filled a big hole» in the theory that describes how matter is built up from the fundamental particles known as quarks, says Guy Wilkinson, a spokesman at LHCb, one of the four main detectors at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which was behind the find.

Though the viruses under study are too dangerous to manipulate in the Penn Vet lab, Harty's team was nonetheless able to examine the interactions between host and viral proteins by looking at what are known as virus - like particles, or VLPs, produced using the virus» matrix protein, of which PTAP is a part.