There are several ways in
which religious programs on television may be effective in building the membership of local churches: One is by the addition of new members, the other is by the reactivation of old ones.
This tend - ency provides an insight into the function
which religious programs fulfill in the lives of many people.
This change in FCC policy did not have an immediately dramatic effect on the nature of religious programming; however, it effectively changed the structure within
which religious programming was to be considered by releasing stations from any regulatory obligation to provide free air - time for the broadcast of religious programs.
The particular way in
which a religious program is financed exerts a specific pressure on the nature of that program.
Not exact matches
There are many, many schools
which prohibit any and all music with a
religious text from their curricula and prohibit teachers from
programming such music for concerts no matter how balanced the
program may be (that is, it encompasses secular and sacred, accompanied and unaccompanied, difficult and easy, music in a variety of styles and from a variety of musical eras.
In the evening of the same day this sermon was the subject of a discussion in the B.B.C.'s
program, «Meeting Point», in
which I was questioned by some members of the morning congregation under the chairmanship of Canon W. E. Purcell, editor of this Dialogue, and at that time the
Religious Broadcasting Organizer for the Midland Region of the B.B.C..
«If I were a conservative Christian (
which I most certainly am not), I would be very reasonably fearful, not just as to tax exemptions but as to a wide range of other
programs — fearful that within a generation or so, my
religious beliefs would be treated the same way as racist
religious beliefs are.»
the proof of Gods presence in us is not limited to the material or biological evolutionary development only, but most important scientific proof is the effect of His will in historical development of the world.A computer
program now used and tested a powerful machine by inputing all recorded events in history during the last hundreds years and found out that it has a purpose and not random.Meaning that an intelligent being could have influence it.It is now presumed by the
religious observers that it could be His will.The process now is under improvement, because the computers is not powerl enough the deluge of information and data since the beginning of history, some analyst believes that in them near future if the Quantum computers
which is much powerful than the present coventional will be used, then dramatic results and confirmation will be at hand.
Though the networks sought to make all
religious programming emphasize broad
religious truths rather than individual tenets of denominations and to avoid dealing with controversial economic and social issues
which were of
religious significance, many
programs produced by the churches in relation with the networks were critical or prophetic in nature.
His
program consisted solely of a speech or classroom lecture on a
religious or moral subject, presented in a study - type set, with the aid of a blackboard on
which he occasionally illustrated a point being made.
Mike Gallagher, who was the Roman Catholic producer for NBC - Catholic
programs, criticized the lack of seriousness
which characterized the network attitude to
religious programs: «I have a rather cynical attitude towards the networks.
No other
religious program has ever gained such sustained commercial sponsorship and no other
religious program has ever drawn the consistently high audience
which Sheen attracted during his five - year series.
Instead, we have two competing research
programs, each with its own fundamental intuitions and
program of inquiry to pursue, as in Imre Lakatos's philosophy of science.15 Only «over the long haul» can we judge
which will be more progressive more able to handle the classical challenges raised by the entire history of metaphysics, by dialogue with existing religions (Christian and otherwise), and by the experience of contemporary
religious believers.
That, tragically, is what psychology became in too many seminaries and
programs of pastoral formation, including the «treatment centers» to
which priests and
religious are sent when their behavior becomes unacceptably egregious.
When television came in about 1950, each of these «faith groups» was given time each Sunday for their TV
programs —
programs which were broadly representative of the
religious and cultural diversity of the country as a whole.
Behind the scenes — making possible the very situations in
which conversation about religion can happen — are massive ecclesiastical bureaucracies, hours and hours of administrative labor, vast fund - raising efforts, complex bookkeeping schemes, training
programs, and patronage and other distribution agencies, all of
which play their part in maintaining
religious realities.
«Without a final decision on his status, he can be deported at any time,» says Tina Ramirez, president of Hardwired Inc.,
which provides training and education
programs to foster
religious freedom in countries in conflict.
By relegating the determination of
religious programming on television to individual stations, it has placed
religious faith into the hands of the economic marketplace, thus giving a distinct advantage to those expressions of
religious faith
which are economically competitive.
The use of paid - time
religious programs offered the opportunity to make a profit on the sale of air - time, particularly on Sunday mornings,
which were normally a slow audience period.
The Roman Catholic
program, «Insight,» for example, was the third largest - rating
religious program in the areas in
which it was broadcast.
The FCC decision in relation to
religious programming provided the structure within
which station managers were freed from the obligation of having to distinguish between different expressions of
religious faith or the representativeness of
religious programming for a particular area.
In effect, electronic - church
programs have been the embodiment of the conservative
religious revival
which has been an element in every previous Great Awakening.
This orientation means that a distinctly
religious contribution to
programming in television is one in
which people are helped to grow toward a deeper and more mature understanding of themselves, their society, and their world.
First, they produce
programs in the media
which, in the midst of the secular worldview and its power, try to illumine the human condition, to ask meaningful
religious questions, to rediscover
religious truths, and to make a beginning toward creating a new
religious vocabulary
which can have meaning and power for the multitudes.
Another example is the
programs which all three commercial networks have provided to the major faith groups since the beginning of television, based on their historical commitment to providing an opportunity for
religious expression in the society.
In answer to the criticism that WCC is syncretistic because of its
program for inter-
religious dialogue, Thomas said that if the word syncretism denotes all processes of interpenetration between cultures and religions, the only answer to a wrong syncretism,
which means the uncritical, superficial, normless mixing of basically incompatible
religious concepts and cultural attitudes, is a Christ - centered syncretism
which grapples with and evaluates all concepts and attitudes critically in the light of Jesus Christ and converts them into vehicles for communicating the truth of the Gospel and for expressing its meaning for life.
Revolution is clear about what the law should be: «As long as people have a choice about where they go for help, then it should not be a problem if the government funds a
program in
which a person... becomes a good citizen, employee, and family member through
religious transformation.»
The national survey used an index of evangelical belief (as opposed to membership in an evangelical denomination),
which showed that holding these beliefs was more strongly associated with the viewing of
religious programs than any other single factor, including contributing to or attending church, participation in community activities, income, age or sex.
The national survey used the «literalist / charismatic» index of evangelical belief (as opposed to membership in an evangelical denomination),
which showed that holding these beliefs was more strongly associated with the viewing of
religious programs than any other single factor — including attending church, contributing to a church, participating in community activities, income, age, or sex.
The ease with
which many disconnect their individual faiths from institutional belonging is revealed in a study of the unchurched in Appalachia: 80 per cent engaged in
religious activities every week — activities ranging from prayer to reading, from watching
religious television
programs to conversations with others or visits to ministers (David H. Smith et al., Participation in Social and Political Activities [Jossey - Bass, 1980], p. 222).
His book,
which is a celebration of «our new monistic religion,» makes it clear that he is in his own way as
religious as his French contemporary Comte, who before he became insane never doubted that his positivistic «new religion of humanity» was a surefire
program for a grand unification of the world.
It is possible that stations
which did not accept payment for air - time for
religious programs reflected a greater concern for public - service
programming and therefore presented a wider representation of other
programming such as network and local
programs.
Certainly the picture is sufficiently clear to call into question the figures of over 100 million
which have occasionally been quoted, and to assert that not all viewers of
religious programs are viewers of the paid - time
programs.
of network
religious programs during the 1970s occurred primarily once again because the networks found it more profitable to air those
programs that paid for their air - time than those
programs for
which air - time had to be provided.
Where criticism comes from the viewer's own denomination, the basis of common concern is maximized and the viewer is encouraged to view
religious programs critically in order to discern that
which is dissonant with other aspects of their faith.
For example, in the presence of the advantage held by the paid - time
religious programmers, several denominations
which had previously cooperated with others in the common production of
religious programs have now decided to compete on their own through the purchase of their own television stations, the production of their own
programs, and the cultivation of their own audiences.
To what extent are paid - time
religious programs consistent with traditional Christian thought, and to what extent are they shaped by the environment in
which they have been cast?
It is possible that
religious television
programs for church members fill a complementary role, maintaining and increasing their enthusiasm by providing alternative ideas for local church development, maintaining their level of personal inspiration, or by supplying things
which are not otherwise available at their local church.
The amount of subsequent research conducted on
religious television in America has been relatively small in comparison to the large number of people and agencies
which have been producing
religious programs over the past 35 years.
The church needs to establish a watchdog agency
which would conduct continuous research and debate to ensure that the message and practice of
religious programs remains congruous with established Christian thought.
There have been no studies yet
which draw specific comparisons between the total amount of
religious programming on television in different historical periods.
Their rate of
religious program viewing is 154 percent, although they are heavy users of television in general both for entertainment and as a means of keeping informed about the world in
which they live.
Another effect of the growth of paid - time
religious programs is the steady increase in the number of stations that now see religion primarily as a commercial venture and for
which payment for air - time has become the dominant principle in the broadcasting of religion.
There are also strong pressures on the
religious programmer
which shape
program syndication and content in ways that mitigate against genuine efforts to establish contact with and address relevantly the situation of the religiously unconvinced.
The author examines the debate in the church over the growth of paid - time
religious programs which has centered on several major issues, including the nature of the church, its mission, evangelism, pastoral care and counseling, and the social and political impact, and also the communication aspects: one way versus interactive communication.
Buddenbaum found that the regular audience for
religious television
programs comprised mainly blue - collar workers and «others,»
which included housewives and non-classifiable employed persons.
It may be argued that the lack of research into the effects of
religious programs is compensated by broadcasters» use of research from other areas of mass - media effects to form opinions on the effects
which may be expected from their
programs.
When the Broadcast Institute of North America surveyed
religious programming in the country in 1971, they found that stations
which had begun to sell time for
religious programs averaged fewer network and locally produced
religious programs than did those stations
which did not sell time for
religious programming.
NOTE: Those stations
which stated they had a policy of not selling time for
religious broadcasts still reflect a level of paid - time
religious programming.
While the evidence for such a proposition remains tentative, its tentativeness calls into question the certainty with
which paid - time
religious broadcasters assert that their efforts in competing on the basis recognized by the television industry (i.e., financial competence) have been responsible for increasing the amount of
religious programming on television.