Sentences with phrase «which resistance gene»

In the last three years, Byamukama and graduate student Krishna Acharya have collected soil samples from 28 East River counties to determine which resistance gene sources are still effective against the predominant races of Heterodera glycine, or soybean cyst nematode, in South Dakota.

«We can't stop this gene transfer, but when you know, which resistance genes pathogens may harbor, you can personalize the antibiotic treatment.

Not exact matches

With respect to antibiotic resistance, this novelty can be induced and we can trace the novelty to particular mutations arising absent gene transfer; i.e. the genes which give rise the resistance were not present prior to the mutation, they are new sequences and not simply the activation of dormant genes.

In particular, the PTPRF gene, which is known to suppress intracellular signals that are usually triggered by insulin binding to its receptor on the cell surface, may serve as a biomarker linking insulin resistance with insufficient milk supply.

Professor Bruce Fitt, professor of plant pathology at the University of Hertfordshire, added: «This new understanding of plant defense through ETD suggests different operations of specific resistance genes which will help us to be more successful in breeding new strains of crops for resistance.

The scientists also generated a panel of (reconstructed) ancestral and existing TRIM5 genes (19 total), expressed them in cultured cell lines, and exposed the cells to 16 different retroviruses (lentiviruses and others) to see which TRIM5 versions conferred resistance to which viruses.

New research presented here yesterday at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (which publishes ScienceNOW) finds that a gene associated with increased risk of asthma is also linked to resistance against a parasitic worm.

The first transgenic crop likely to be put forward for approval for open trials and commercial release is Bt cotton — which has added genes from the Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium, making the plant produce toxins that confer resistance to some insect pests.

More than three fourths of all current antibiotics used to treat human infections are produced by Actinobacteria, which at the same time carry antibiotic resistance genes.

These instances «point to a future in which direct sequencing of clinical samples allows same - day diagnosis, antibiotic - resistance gene profiling and virulence gene detection,» Walker and Beatson wrote.

Traditional antibiotics lay waste to most bacteria, but some cells inevitably survive, and their mutated genes — which are the source of resistance — spread through the population.

Identifying where resistance genes come from and how they spread somewhat compares to finding patient zero in an outbreak, which is not an easy task.

The effort has already had one practical result: the discovery of two new genes for resistance to a race of wheat stem rust to which there is virtually no resistance in wheat.

«We found that as more «mixing» occurs between local dust and that which comes from far off, the lower the contribution of the imported antibiotic resistance genes.»

The wild Asian banana Musa acuminata malaccensis — the genome of which was published last year (A. D'Hont Nature 488, 213 — 217; 2012)-- seems to be resistant, and researchers are experimenting with putting its resistance genes into the Cavendish.

The former target, say, using gene editing techniques to inactivate HIV receptors and achieve resistance of blood cells to the virus (which Sangamo BioSciences is working on in clincial trials) is different than helping parents who both carry genes for Huntington's Disease to have a child that is free of the disease (a change to the genome that would be passed on to future generations and would likely not be very commonly needed).

Five decades on from the appearance of the first MRSA, multiple MRSA lineages have emerged which have acquired different variants of the resistance gene.»

The study demonstrates that the evolution of resistance will likely be a severe roadblock for existing CRISPR gene drive approaches, which must be addressed before scientists could successfully employ them in the wild.

Analysing the samples, the team — involving experts from Newcastle University, the University of Strathclyde and Aarhus University — were able to measure the relative abundance of specific β - lactam antibiotic resistant genes, which can confer resistance to a class of antibiotics that are of considerable medical importance.

That's because gut phage from mice treated with one drug carried high levels of genes that confer resistance to different drugs, which means that the phage could serve as backup when bacteria must find ways to withstand a variety of antibiotics.

Bacteria can become resistant to the antibiotic either as the result of a spontaneous mutation or by picking up an appropriate «resistance gene» (which codes for a protein that confers resistance) from another bacterium via genetic exchange.

«If we can figure out which genes influence where fat is deposited, it could help us understand the biology that leads to various health conditions, such as insulin resistance / diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart disease.»

The researchers also didn't find the gene MDR1, which encodes a drug transporter often responsible for resistance to multiple drugs.

The researchers, led by Dr Charles Wondji, used a wide range of methods to narrow down how the resistance works, finding a single mutation in the GSTe2 gene, which makes insects break down DDT so it's no longer toxic.

The genetically manipulated agrobacteria, carrying the gene for PAT, were then used to infect the crop in which resistance was required.

«It is incredibly tempting to assume that antibiotics are promoting the spread of resistance by increasing the rate at which bacteria share resistant genes with each other, but our research shows they often aren't.»

In one instance, the investigators discovered a novel gene conferring resistance to the macrolide antibiotics, which was a small 61 residue proline - rich peptide, said Topp.

The scientists have also detected resistance genes for sulphonamides and another antibiotic in the treated wastewater — which will be turned into snow at a nearby ski resort, in a relatively pristine part of a river basin, later this year.

Last summer, agribusiness giant Syngenta, based in Basel, Switzerland, conducted the first field trials of maize (corn) containing engineered mini-chromosomes, and showed that the mini-chromosomes, which carried multiple genes for insect and herbicide resistance, were stable in the field.

Dana Kolpin of the US Geological Survey in Iowa City says that the findings highlight the complex issue of antibiotic - resistance genes, which will continue to be of concern as treated effluent becomes more widely used in regions that have scarce water resources.

It is the wild relatives of crops which contain genes for resistance to disease and pests, stock for use in grafting and characteristics to improve the properties of the crops themselves.

Prof Bentzen from Dalhousie University said: «Although this study focused on MHC genes in vertebrates, the evolutionary dynamics described in it likely apply to other gene families, for example resistance genes and those which prevent self - fertilization in plants (self - incompatibility loci) that are caught up in their own evolutionary races.»

However, these genes are rarely found in bacteria outside the wastewater treatment plants, which suggests that — contrary to what was previously believed — the treatment plants do not pass on resistance genes to bacteria that are hazardous to people.

The genome also revealed the location of genes that may be involved in fighting off pathogens, which will help scientists understand more about disease resistance in pines.

Farmers are also trying to thwart resistance by growing plants that lack the Bt toxins near their fields, cultivating populations of normal insects that could swamp the resistance genes, says Randy Deaton, a Bt researcher at Monsanto, which developed some Bt crops.

Both the carbapenem resistance and the colistin resistance genes are on separate plasmids, which means in principle they could spread to other bacteria.»

The search turned up about 100 genes which appeared to govern melanoma cells» resistance to being killed by T cells.

Then the team let loose a special strain of diamondback moth pupa, some of which carried at least one copy of a resistance gene to the Bt toxin.

Noticing an odd resistance profile, first author Vincenzo Di Pilato, Ph.D., reanalyzed the genome data from the bacterium, and discovered the new gene, which is a variant on the colistin - resistant gene, mcr - 1.

In favor of maintaining the resistance is the rate at which the genes are shared.

The Yale - led study performed whole exome sequencing ¬ — a technique for sequencing all the expressed genes in a genome ¬ — on TNBC tumors to identify mutations in specific genes or pathways that may indicate response or resistance to the standard of care, which is anthracycline / taxane (ACT) chemotherapy.

Compared with SWP, «the only difference, really, is the meticillin - resistance gene,» Enright says, which shows that SWP is a retooled version of 80/81.

Researchers proved its utility by successfully mapping the multi-drug resistance genes in a strain called Salmonella Typhi haplotype H58 — which has recently emerged globally.

Dr Melita Gordon, from the University of Liverpool's Institute of Infection and Global Health, said: «Importantly, the antibiotic resistance genes, which have previously been carried on a separate genetic package, have now been incorporated into the main chromosome of the bacteria itself, which is likely to make it easier for the Typhoid strain to retain these resistance genes.»

They successfully pinpointed the exact spot in the chromosomal structure that is home to the genes which makes it drug - resistant, known as an antibiotic resistance island.

Dr Ton added: «Plant immunity that is controlled by a single resistance gene, on which most conventional breeding programs are based, is comparably easy to overcome by a pathogen.

They also want to be able to insert more subtle mutations, such as those reported in HIV - resistant individuals, which could alter cell function just enough to confer resistance but without fully deactivating the gene and impeding cell function.

They identified several genes whose absence conferred HIV resistance, some of which had been predicted by previous studies and others that had never been directly tied to HIV infection before.

This presentation will review methods for which Nanopore sequencing and real - time antimicrobial resistance gene analysis can help to address the threat of CRO as a diagnostic tool in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory.

In addition, the researchers also found that bacteria that are closely related to one another have similar resistance genes, which might be expected as bacteria pass their genes from one generation to the next.