Sentences with phrase «which signals the protein»

They then conducted biochemical analyses to identify neuroligin - 3, confirm that the protein could stimulate tumor growth in cultured samples of several kinds of human high - grade gliomas and study which signals the protein uses within glioma cells to promote their growth.

Not exact matches

This may lead to early, unnecessary supplementation, which may then be followed by a real decrease in milk production; the baby stays asleep longer while breaking down the less - digestible proteins in a breastmilk substitute, and the mother's body does not receive the signal that more milk needs to be made (Walker, 2007).

Once there, the protein acts on the osteoblasts and inhibits Wnt activity, which is a cellular signalling pathway that is involved in the formation of the skeleton and in certain disorders, such as osteoporosis, arthritis and myeloma.

Chronic pain may be due to an overabundance of a protein, which amplifies the pain signal to the brain.

The AXIN2 protein interacts with proteins in the Wnt signalling pathway, which is involved in controlling many cellular processes, including development.

β - arrestin, which has several known roles in signaling systems, also links a key receptor to a motor protein so that the receptor can be transported to cilia for sensing environmental cues.

Among these was the protein VGLUT1, which is essential for signal transduction in specific nerve cells.

Ixekizumab is a monoclonal antibody - a cloned antibody - which neutralises the inflammatory effects of an interleukin (IL) a protein in the skin which carries signals to cells - known as (IL)-17 A.

The exceptional cancer cells that escape the astrocytes do so by producing a protein called Serpin, which acts as a sort of antidote to the death signals fired at them by nearby astrocytes.

By analyzing chemical changes of the IRS - 2 protein in immortalized cultures of human white blood cells, it determined that IRS - 2 appeared in two different forms — «on,» which allows the signal to pass through, and «off,» which stops the signal from activating the cells into M2 macrophages.

If two adjacent neurons produce that protein, they join up, forming a synapse through which electrical signals can flow.

Through their signaling prowess, IDPs help regulate the gas and brake pedals for producing proteins from the DNA code, according to evidence that has accumulated over the past decade, as well as the process by which cells divide.

Both tasocitinib and Incyte's drug, INCB028050, target Janus kinases, which mediate signaling by immune - system proteins called cytokines.

Four HCN genes that code for proteins which form ion channels in neurons could be involved, because these channels are vital for electrical signalling in nerves.

Now, new research from the Salk Institute shows how a protein called p75 is critical for pain signaling, which could one day have implications for treating neurological disorders as well as trauma such as spinal cord injury.

The data included protein expression, protein phosphorylation, which indicates which signaling pathways are activated, and messenger RNA and microRNA expression.

Therefore, the research shows that these mutations affecting the signalling route which depends on the ATM protein, as well as the drugs inhibiting the function of this signalling route such as some anti-tumour drugs, could produce infertility problems in humans.

This study, published recently in PLOS Genetics, shows that in the particular case of meiotic cells such as spermatocytes, the signalling route of the ATM protein also participates in the control system of the cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage, something which until now was unknown.

Chen, a professor of anesthesiology, and his colleagues generated mice in which a protein called BRAF always is active and continually sends signals inside itch neurons.

«Our work describes the structure and function of an important enzyme called Rumi, which adds a glucose molecule to several signaling proteins to modify their activities,» said the study's lead author, Huilin Li, a biologist at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University.

«The finding that certain cell signaling lipids change the activity of an oncogenic Ras protein, suggests that we might be able to interfere with tumor progression by inhibiting the enzymes which make the specific cell signaling lipid in cells,» Buck said.

To do so, Olthoff and her colleagues engineered a virus to make a protein called CTLA4Ig, which blocks the costimulatory signal.

When a virus invades a cell, one of the body's first signals that it's under attack comes from type I interferon proteins, which then rev up the production of hundreds of proteins that fight the virus.

Adding and removing phosphates is one of the principal means by which signals are sent among proteins.

«You would never see these two effects if you were studying protein folding in a tissue culture dish, because you don't have the whole organism, C. elegans, in which you can look at the signals being communicated.»

Cohen's first breakthrough in this area occurred when he discovered, working with worms, that reducing the activity of the signaling mechanism conveyed through insulin and the growth hormone IGF1, a major aging regulating pathway, constituted a defense against the aggregation of the Aβ protein which is mechanistically - linked with Alzheimer's disease.

Instead, angioblasts need to produce the Apelin receptor protein, which forms part of an alternate signalling pathway.

In order to visualize this signal, the scientists performed experiments with transgenic Arabidopsis plants which were genetically modified to express a protein in the cytosol, the liquid inside the cells, which breaks down and releases light energy after it has bound calcium ions.

The researchers wanted to know which signals in the brain were responsible for building long - term memory and for forming the special proteins involved.

Antibody drugs for cancer, which include rituximab and Herceptin, are believed to work by binding to cancer proteins and blocking the signals that tell cancer cells to divide uncontrollably.

«This study has opened the field of research into using EGCG for targeting TAK1 — an important signaling protein — through which proinflammatory cytokines transmit their signals to cause inflammation and tissue destruction in rheumatoid arthritis,» said Ahmed.

But that is probably not the only route through which neuregulin - 1 confers its benefits, and the group is exploring other possible mechanisms — such as whether the protein improves signaling between neurons, which is impaired in Alzheimer's — says the study's first author Jiqing Xu, a research associate in Lee's group.

When the mitochondrial translation rate increases, the mTOR signaling pathway is activated, which causes the increase in the cytoplasmic protein translation rate to counteract pressure from the increased mitochondrial translation, thus representing a new evolutionary adaptation mechanism.

They're members of the S100 family of proteins, called alarmins, which are released outside the cell as a danger signal in response to inflammation.

They then soaked tiny collagen sponges (which are made from the same protein found in dentin) in various drugs known to stimulate Wnt signaling, including tideglusib, a compound that has been investigated in clinical trials for its potential to treat Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders.

It involves genetically modifying neurons so they produce a light - sensitive protein, which makes them «fire», sending an electrical signal, when exposed to light.

Two related genes, CRAF and BRAF, express their respective proteins, CRAF and BRAF, which are signaling proteins called kinases.

Al Alam, who is also assistant professor at Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, added that the exact mechanism by which the protein and signaling pathway interact still require further investigation.

Transmission of signals in a cell is controlled by the coordinated activity of two families of enzymes: protein tyrosine kinases, which add a phosphate group to proteins, and protein tyrosine phosphatases, which remove them.

The NUCKS protein is a key player in insulin signalling, an important biochemical pathway that is needed to respond to insulin hormones, which promote the uptake of glucose to regulate blood glucose levels.

They have detected, for example, revved up signaling molecules involved in inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and other cytokines; skewed populations of natural killer cells and other immune cells; imbalances in the protein - destroying enzymes called proteases; and a shortening of the telomeres, the «end caps» on chromosomes, which indicates prematurely aged cells.

They are responsible for adding sugar molecules to numerous different types of proteins, whether it's a cell wall, or it's a small signaling peptide, which is what's responsible for the phenotypes in tomato.»

The researchers found that the codon, which should have signaled a halt to protein production, instead acted as the blueprint for a previously unknown amino acid, pyrrolysine.

These modified G proteins are no longer able to bind to their receptors, which disrupts essential signaling inside the cell, locally disabling the immune response and allowing the bacteria to proliferate.

The team then detailed the signaling in this pathway, from cold - induced norepinephrine release, to upregulation of GADD45γ in brown fat cells, to the activation of ERRβ and another closely related protein, ERRγ, which turned out to be also prevalent in brown fat cells and relevant to thermogenesis.

Active pertussis toxin works by entering white blood cells and chemically modifying a category of G proteins, which are essential signaling molecules.

But it does allow researchers to use a single - stranded «reporter» molecule with the CRISPR - Cas12a protein, which produces an unambiguous fluorescent signal when Cas12a has found its target.

Originally, however, they were not examining brown fat thermogenesis, but instead were looking for clues to the function of ERRβ, a protein about which little was known at the time, except that it was closely related to ERRα, appeared in brown fat cells, and also worked as a so - called nuclear receptor — a molecular switch for gene activation that can be turned on by small lipophilic molecules or a signaling protein partner.

Researchers knew that cells in the inner ear below hair cells — known as supporting cells — can become the sensory cells themselves when stimulated by a protein that blocks Notch signaling, which is an important mechanism for cell communication.

The Altieri lab showed that the protein Akt, which plays a key role in cell signaling and metabolism, accumulates in mitochondria during hypoxia.