Sentences with phrase «which types of neuron»

Labeled antibodies, which bind to specific cell types, allowed the researchers to determine which types of neuron were being created at which times.

Not exact matches

My aim to strike an «e» — or even to type a complete word «the» triggers a burst of physical responses in my brain cells, which in turn mediate these «amplified» feelings to adjacent occasions in other brain cells and in neurons.

The team cemented its finding by noting the mice's neurons» ability to undergo long - term potentiation — a type of response to stimulation, which has been implicated in learning processes — after gene function was restored.

«By observing entorhinal - hippocampal neurons based on their birthdate, we realized that these cells were somehow special and very different from the other surrounding cell types, which was instrumental to find out how and to what extent they influenced the assembly of the network.»

Smell neurons begin as identical precursor cells, immature cells that have not yet «decided» which type of nerve cell they will become.

More than 2000 such neurons are organized into 50 types, each of which transmits information to a specific region of the fly's poppy seed - sized brain.

LPA receptors are all over neural progenitor cells, which go on to form neurons and other types of cells in a young brain.

The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell - sensing neurons and guide them from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system.

Nobel Prize - winning work back in 1991 showed that, in mammals, each sensory neuron in the main olfactory system expresses one type of G - protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which is specialized to detect a specific type of odor.

The study published in Cell Metabolism reports a mechanism by which two types of brain cells, neurons and glia, normally support each other's functions.

The researchers traced stem cells as they matured into motor neurons, which are the type of nerve cells that control muscle movement.

All formed the same types of stem cells, which give rise to «progenitor» cells that, in turn, divide into neurons and eventually organize themselves in six layers of brain tissue.

A good example of compartmentalization is observed in a specialized type of light - sensing neurons found in the retina, the photoreceptors, which are made up of different compartments containing specific proteins essential for vision.

Each neuron type is modeled as hundreds of interacting electrical «compartments;» which is an approximation to simulating the millions of ion channels in a neuron.

Its three hundred neurons have been classified into about one hundred types, which is not that much smaller than the number of neurons.

In vertebrates, the axons of many neurons are sheathed in myelin, which is formed by either of two types of glial cells: Schwann cells ensheathing peripheral neurons and oligodendrocytes insulating those of the central nervous system.

These midbrain neurons, which are now far more excitable, send a signal to a particular type of dopamine receptor, called D1.

Researchers from Hiroki Taniguchi's lab at the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI) published a study in eNeuro in May 2017 showing for the first time that a unique type of inhibitory interneuron called chandelier cells — which are implicated in several diseases affecting the brain such as schizophrenia and epilepsy — seem to develop their connections differently than other types of neurons.

For female mice — which had no such neurons to begin with — exposure to male urine had no effect on the types of neurons in their noses.

Humans, to be human, don't need to have evolved unique genes that code for entirely novel types of neurons or neurotransmitters, or a more complex hippocampus (with resulting improvements in memory), or a more complex frontal cortex (from which we gain the ability to postpone gratification).

One of the first neurons of this type was the so - called Bill Clinton cell, which was buried deep in the amygdala of a female patient.

The next step, explains Nectow, now an associate research scholar at Princeton University who did the research while a Ph.D. student and visiting fellow in Friedman's lab, was to determine which of the several types of neurons that make up the DRN were involved.

In the present study, the researchers carried out a large - scale analysis of sympathetic nerve cells, from which they were able to demonstrate that there are many different types of sympathetic neurons and that the different types are associated with a particular functions.

The observation of a cut - off point at which the progenitor cells can not make some neuron types extends «a word of caution for people interested in using stem cells» to resolve neurological problems, says neuroscientist Paula Monaghan of University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania.

Two types of neurons are needed for the cerebral cortex to operate harmoniously: excitators (80 %), which are responsible for transmitting information to other regions of the brain, and inhibitors (20 %), which govern the activity of the excitators.

To create the repository, the researchers are taking blood cells from Gulf War veterans and «reprogramming» them into their «pluripotent» state, which can then be transformed into any type of cell, from a kidney to a neuron.

The brain is composed of many different types of neurons, each of which carry electrical signals.

The study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease focused on a type of brain tissue called white matter, which is composed of millions of bundles of nerve fibers used by neurons to communicate across the brain.

Barcelona, studies the process by which stem cells turn into neurons, the type of brain cells that malfunction and die in HD.

This type of noninvasive approach to optogenetics could also represent a step toward developing optogenetic treatments for diseases such as epilepsy, which could be controlled by shutting off misfiring neurons that cause seizures, Boyden says.

Neurobiologists refer to this type of neuronal connection — in which the spatial order of neurons of one part of the nervous system is «copied» onto another — as «topographic mapping.»

He has found that different receptors and neurons contribute to different types of olfactory behaviors, which are further modified with experience.

The system, originally developed in 2007 and refined by Wall and Callaway for targeting specific cell types in 2010, uses a modified version of the rabies virus to «infect» a brain region, which in turn targets neurons that are connected to it.

Using neurons extracted from rodent models of Huntington's, the team employed the OPL method, which tracked the speed and efficiency with which different types of neurons were able to break down and dissolve the mutant huntingtin.

«If we can pinpoint which genes control the development of each neuron type, we can generate them in the petri dish from a single sample of human skin cells,» said Dr. Huang.

The most severe form of SMA is Type 1, a lethal genetic disorder characterized by motor neuron loss and associated muscle deterioration, which results in mortality or the need for permanent ventilation support before the age of two for greater than 90 percent of patients.

Overall, Tripathy, who is now a postdoc at the University of British Columbia, was able to collect and standardize data for approximately 100 different types of neurons, which he published on the website http://www.neuroelectro.org.

So for our model of this disease, which we are currently developing, we have to generate a variety of other brain cell types besides neurons that are thought to foster immune responses in the brain.

a) In the subsection «Cell type - specific NMDA - R pharmacology in cocaine - induced synaptic plasticity» we now more clearly introduce the Zweifel and Engblom studies as well as the differences between them: both of which used genetic ablation of Grin1 over 1 week but showed different results with respect to DA neuron synaptic potentiation, which was due to methodological challenges with AMP - R compensation.

''... it could be hypothesized that PD is, at least in part, a type of «segmental» aging, in which specific, localized, and accelerated aging mechanisms, which for reasons at present largely unknown, markedly affect dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the pars compacta region of the midbrain substantia nigra (SnPC).»