I can't claim to be providing certainly accurate information on this, since it's been a
while since I've done relevant physics
reading (lay books, not academic), but in the early universe (before
inflation went out of control) there were irregularities that gave rise to clumping, from which the first stars and galaxies originated.
Koretz's argument against predictability makes sense when it comes to math tests — and
while he notes one instance of apparent score
inflation on a state
reading test, all of his other examples relate to math.