Sentences with phrase «with photoreceptor»

It is important to keep in mind that in their 1998 publication (Zhang, Q., Acland, G., Parshall, C.J., Haskell, J., Ray, K. and Aguirre, G. Characterization of canine photoreceptor phosducin cDNA and identification of a sequence variant in dogs with photoreceptor dysplasia.

(2006) Müller Cell Activation Correlates with Photoreceptor Loss in DBA / 2 Mice (Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 47: ARVO E-Abstract 1562).

Fresh porcine retinal tissue was dissected, orientated on a 0.45 mm filter with the photoreceptor cell surface uppermost and placed on top of the iPS - RPE monolayer so that outer segments were adjacent to the RPE.

Qualitative examination of the host anatomical response to the presence of hNPCctx or hNPCctx - GDNF revealed substantial preservation of the photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (ONL) overlying all subretinal donor cells (Figure 5E and F), with photoreceptor rescue gradually declining outside the distribution of the transplanted cells (Figure 5E and G).

The macula is densely packed with photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that react to light and send electrical nerve impulses to the optic nerve and into the brain.

«We were focusing on what would happen with the photoreceptor cells, the cells that we knew were dying,» Beltran said.

You can see several of the 760 units that make up the fly's compound eyes, each is filled with photoreceptor cells.

The ragworm has the eyes of an invertebrate and a brain with the photoreceptor cells of a human.

You have to have a bounded entity with photoreceptors inside to sense light.

The fovea is densely packed with photoreceptors.

There are thousands of species of fish that live well beyond the reach of any sunlight, and these too have well - developed eyes with photoreceptors tuned to detect blue light.

Get your science news at our Web site, http://www.ScientificAmerican.com, where you can check out our slide show called «Blind Sight: Animals That See without Eyes», such as the butterflies with photoreceptors on their butts, and follow us on Twitter where you'll get a tweet whenever a new article hits the Web site.

Lanza's team figured out how to coax stem cells taken from human embryos into becoming the RPE cells that die off along with photoreceptors in macular degeneration, and in 2011 the team began injecting these manufactured cells into patients» eyes.

Not exact matches

But is it fair to equate historical constraints with defects in describing how vertebrate photoreceptors are on the back of the «inside - out» retina, shadowed by blood vessels and overlying cells?

Nevertheless, the outcome may pave the way for transplants of stem cell — derived eye cells called photoreceptors, which could dramatically improve vision in people with eye disease if all goes according to plan.

People with retinitis pigmentosa experience a gradual decline in their vision because the eye's photoreceptor cells slowly die off.

The downside is that people with these eye diseases are losing sight in large part because they're losing a different type of eye cell: the photoreceptors that sense light in the retina.

Typically afflicted children start life with poor vision, which worsens as more and more photoreceptors die.

But the benefits of this technology for discerning the circuits of the mind go much deeper, because the virus that carries the photoreceptor genes can also carry promoter sequences that express their payload only in neurons with the appropriate molecular address.

But illumination of the network with a brief flash (10 milliseconds) of blue light causes each of these bacterial photoreceptors to jolt their host cell a bit.

Many experiments later, Wang, Wong and colleagues have shown that tamoxifen, a drug used to treat breast cancer, can help preserve photoreceptors — and sight — in mice with eye injuries.

Right now scientists can only speculate what it might be like to wear an artificial retina with millions of photoreceptors in a regular grid, but such a device would not restore the experience of vision — no matter how many electrodes it contains.

Notably, the green and red photoreceptors we use for color vision are placed very close together; by contrast, the equivant components in cameras are situated with ample (and even) spacing among them.

In different sets of photographs, the scientists developed software that replicated how colors look under different types of color vision, including different types of color blindness, and the type of trichromatic vision seen in many artificial systems, with even spacing of the green and red photoreceptors.

They might also come up with a way to select the right cells out of a mixed population; Anand Swaroop, an ophthalmology researcher at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, is working on a way to identify and weed out the photoreceptor cells by focusing on proteins present on cell surfaces.

But when they are nicely aligned with the female, and in the correct position to mate, the photoreceptor cells are totally covered and the response stops, says Arikawa.

In people with these conditions the photoreceptors, which transform light hitting the eye into electrical impulses, are damaged, preventing the brain from receiving image information.

In people with RP and AMD, the photoreceptors have been damaged and lost, so the ganglion cells do not receive signals and the brain can not produce an image.

The number of known photoreceptor genes alone tripled with the discovery, and it seems to be just the beginning.

«We demonstrated that in the absence of Numb, photoreceptors are unable to send a molecule essential for vision to the correct compartment, which causes the cells to progressively degenerate and ultimately die,» adds Dr. Ramamurthy, who carried out the project in Dr. Cayouette's laboratory in collaboration with Christine Jolicoeur, research assistant.

In normal mice with working photoreceptors (PR driven), stimulating the retina produces a variety of responses in retinal ganglion cells, the output of the eye.

In people with these conditions the retina's photoreceptors — which transform light hitting the eye into electrical impulses — are often damaged, preventing visual information from being sent to the brain.

The researchers injured the mice retinas with a toxin that causes cell death in retinal ganglion cells and interneurons, another type of retinal cell whose job it is to transmit signals from photoreceptors to the brain.

The case for direct interaction was bolstered by similarities between gene expression profiles of plants with various deficiencies in photoreceptors and COP1.

Most people who have lost vision due to hereditary retinal degeneration have either no photoreceptors with which to perceive light or photoreceptors that don't work.

Called achromatopsia, the hereditary disease affects about one in 30,000 people in the U.S. Afflicted individuals can only see with 5 percent of their photoreceptors and thus have a very low level of vision.

All spectral classes respond faster with light adaptation, but the highest response speeds are attained by green photoreceptors, followed by blue, and then UV, both of which are significantly slower than green photoreceptors, even when fully light - adapted.

They assessed gene activity at time points known to correspond with key phases of disease: the «induction phase,» the time before the peak level of photoreceptor cell death; the «execution phase,» when the highest rates of photoreceptor cell death occur; and the «chronic phase,» during which photoreceptor cell death continues at somewhat reduced levels.

With this approach the authors report a number of unique RP mutations, a previously undescribed disease gene called NEK2 that involves the retinal photoreceptors, and structural DNA rearrangements originating in introns.

Comparison of impulse response time to peak (t p) and half - width (Δt) for bumblebee photoreceptors with published photoreceptor data from other insect species

Human ES cells treated with Noggin, Dickkopf - 1, and Insulin - like Growth Factor - 1 proteins differentiate into functional photoreceptors [5].

0 Research ArticleRETINAL DISEASES Human ESC — derived retinal epithelial cell sheets potentiate rescue of photoreceptor cell loss in rats with retinal degeneration Karim Ben M'Barek 1,2,3, Walter Habeler1, 2,3, Alexandra Plancheron1, 2,3,

More recently, her lab started working on the mechanisms that link oxidative stress and photoreceptor loss and dysfunction, with the goal of identifying ways to target the underlying processes to prevent photoreceptor and RPE loss in dry AMD.

Ion channel compartments in photoreceptors: evidence from salamander rods with intact and ablated terminals.

With age, our eyes accumulate waste in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which supports the life and function of photoreceptors (light sensitive cells in the eye); in advanced stages, RPE and photoreceptors die.

Confocal images of P150 dystrophic retina transplanted with hNPCctx — GDNF and double stained with antibodies against human nuclear antigen (red) and either (A) recoverin, a photoreceptor and cone bipolar cell marker (green), or (B) protein kinase Cα (PKCα), a bipolar cell marker (green).

(E) P150 dystrophic retina transplanted with hNPCctx — GDNF and stained with cone arrestin antibody showing morphology of rescued cone photoreceptors (arrows point to cone pedicles).

While preservation of the ONL is evidence for a neuroprotective role for hNPCctx and GDNF within the retina, maintenance of visual function at the level observed in this study suggests at least partial retention of photoreceptor structure necessary for visual processing, particularly that associated with cones.

This defect produces a debris zone between photoreceptors and RPE, with subsequent loss of the photoreceptors themselves.

(D) Confocal image of non-dystrophic, control retina stained with cone arrestin antibody (red) showing a normal cone photoreceptor profile (IS: inner segments; ax: axon; arrows point to cone pedicles).