The provision of non — breast milk fluids to healthy breastfed infants has been associated
with suboptimal breastfeeding behaviors, shorter breastfeeding duration, and mothers being less likely to meet their own breastfeeding intentions (14,15).
Previous research has shown the adverse health effects associated
with suboptimal breastfeeding cost the United States $ 14.2 billion annually (2011 dollars) in pediatric disease, including the costs of 911 child deaths.4
Cost Analysis of Maternal Disease Associated
with Suboptimal Breastfeeding.
Not exact matches
Since this month's publication of my paper «The Burden of
Suboptimal Breastfeeding in the United States» in Pediatrics with Arnold Reinhold, I'm often asked by reporters what the US can do better to improve our breastf
Breastfeeding in the United States» in Pediatrics
with Arnold Reinhold, I'm often asked by reporters what the US can do better to improve our
breastfeedingbreastfeeding rates.
The preview from Baby Milk Action's Update newsletter for members, below, shows a Nestlé Lactogen tin
with the promotional claim as marketed in Bangladesh, where the Bangladesh Paediatric Association documented tragedies of infant formula feeding and
suboptimal breastfeeding in 2014.
We examined two sets of simulations
with the
suboptimal arm reflecting current levels of
breastfeeding and the other reflecting optimal levels.
Previous work has shown that
suboptimal breastfeeding is associated
with annual pediatric costs of $ 14.2 billion4 (or $ 3,430 per live birth).
Of note, our models may underestimate the true maternal costs of
suboptimal breastfeeding; we modeled the effects of lactation on only five maternal health conditions despite data linking lactation
with other maternal health outcomes.46 In addition, women in our model could not develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or MI before age 35 years, although these conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent among young adults.47 Although some studies have found an association between lactation and rates of postmenopausal diabetes22, 23 and cardiovascular disease, 10 we conservatively limited the duration of lactation's effect on both diabetes and MI.
Both skilled and lay (e.g., peer) support have been shown to reduce the risk of
suboptimal breastfeeding practices [8, 9]
with face - to - face support being the most effective for EBF [8], but effective approaches and strategies to support in different geographic, cultural, and income contexts are still being studied.
The prevalence of
suboptimal infant
breastfeeding behavior, as assessed at the day - 7 interview, and use of any infant formula on days 3 — 7 were significantly greater among infants of mothers
with delayed compared
with timely OL (Figure 3).