Otherwise, how can a chip
with a Tmax of 150C ignite a match, or burn a «pit» in a CD?
Tmin has a similar story, with not much in common
with Tmax once the sun sets.
Not exact matches
There has certainly been none at Oxford,
with mean annual
Tmax on a down trend of -0.07 oC p.a. since 1958, while Heathrow, only about 40 miles away does show a rising trend of 0.034 oC p.a. which obviously could not possibly have anything to do
with the explosive growth of air traffic there since 1958.
Now since we were on CO2 correlation, would you expect CO2 to have a higher correlation
with ERSSTv4, BEST
Tmax or BEST Tmin?
That fluctuation is amplified by land surface temperatures in the same latitude band of about the same area, because the land surface temperatures are at a higher average altitude
with a lower average specific heat capacity and the (
Tmax + Tmin) / 2 method of determining «average» amplifies the variance.
3) The number of days over the top 10 % of highest
TMax as an anomaly using 19 stations
with records back before 1920.
It is important to be careful because in the 1940s, the stations
with lower DTRs often had lower
TMAXs possibly due to urban pollution (wood burning or else...).
On the other hand, if one can not take the watts from the sun and compute
TMAX at the sensor for relativly Idealized site
with any reliability....
After looking at 100 year long daily records of Tmin and
Tmax for a bunch of sites, it seemed pretty clear to me that we could do
with one measure.
Only one site went
with the trend of
Tmax «$» Tmin increasing
with average wind velocity that would be suggested by Parker's assumptions and that was for the Alert, NU Canada site.
Temp being linear
with the 4th root of the energy flux, a simply average of
Tmax and Tmin doesn't yield the same number as averaging the 4th root.
As experiment 4 clearly shows surface
Tmax is the driving factor in a deep atmosphere
with a pressure gradient in a gravity field.
At
Tmax, for example, there has been a steady T rise as the sun moves higher in the sky, the rise helped by convection of air
with hot packets in it surrounding the site, held back if frost has formed overnight, complicated if there is snow around and water phase change effects need consideration, hindered or lagged by the thermal inertia of the screen surrounding the thermometer as the screen heats up.
For an atmosphere in a gravity field
with a vertical pressure gradient in which the gases are free to move, the gas temperature set by surface conduction will be close to surface
Tmax, not Tav.
The altitude where the radiation to the cosmos takes place
with the associated cooling of the top of the air is near t = 1 from the top of the air, that is at a pressure (1 /
tmax H2O)(1/4.5) or (1 /
tmax CO2)(1/1.45); the line by line computation of figure 6 - C is a morphing from figure 6 - A.
I fear we are throwing away a lot of variance by starting
with monthly Tavg or Tmean and ignoring the variance that comes from the (
Tmax - Tmin) / 2 mean std error.
So dUHI is (usually) affecting tmin much more than
tmax (and tmean) and we are looking for stations
with small dUHI over time.
The first result would probably be a histogramm of raw data trends for stations wie equal trends in tmin,
tmax, tmean compared
with the others.
If the number of such stations is not sufficient, more stations may be added, by extracting only time spans
with similar tmin,
tmax, tmean.
Figure 23 is impressive as well, tmin
tmax and tmean
with identical -LRB-!)
4th Conclusion not supported
with data in Section 3.2; specifically the conclusion «Additionally, it was observed that the
Tmax trends of compliant CRS stations was significantly higher, suggesting that maintenance issues, such as paint deterioration over time...».
Manfred says: July 29, 2012 at 1:06 pm Figure 23 is impressive as well, tmin
tmax and tmean
with identical -LRB-!)
(2010) did this
with the homogenized data from different subsets of stations, and found very strong correlations
with the entire USHCN dataset (r2 = 0.98 for
Tmax, and r2 = 0.96 for Tmin).
That is just «global» SST
with hadcrut
Tmax and Tmin.
Most of the USHCN readings of Tmin and
Tmax are only good to the nearest 1.00 deg F
with a min - max thermometers.