Plaintiff patients attending at the facilities of a defendant health corporation were potentially exposed to two patients
with active tuberculosis.
Those infected have about a 10 % lifetime risk of becoming ill
with active tuberculosis; however, this risk is much higher for people whose immune system is compromised by HIV infection, malnutrition or other illness.
Not exact matches
These include the infant
with galactosemia, 53,54 the infant whose mother uses illegal drugs, 55 the infant whose mother has untreated
active tuberculosis, and the infant in the United States whose mother has been infected
with the human immunodeficiency virus.56, 57 In countries
with populations at increased risk for other infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies resulting in infant death, the mortality risks associated
with not breastfeeding may outweigh the possible risks of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus infection.58 Although most prescribed and over-the-counter medications are safe for the breastfed infant, there are a few medications that mothers may need to take that may make it necessary to interrupt breastfeeding temporarily.
Women
with active, untreated
tuberculosis must be separated from their baby for the first two weeks of treatment, during which time they may express their breast milk for their baby.
Breastfeeding is contraindicated in infants
with classic galactosemia (galactose 1 - phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency) 103; mothers who have
active untreated
tuberculosis disease or are human T - cell lymphotropic virus type I — or II — positive104, 105; mothers who are receiving diagnostic or therapeutic radioactive isotopes or have had exposure to radioactive materials (for as long as there is radioactivity in the milk) 106 — 108; mothers who are receiving antimetabolites or chemotherapeutic agents or a small number of other medications until they clear the milk109, 110; mothers who are using drugs of abuse («street drugs»); and mothers who have herpes simplex lesions on a breast (infant may feed from other breast if clear of lesions).
«Being highly
active against drug - resistant strains of M.
tuberculosis, this novel class of drugs provides us
with an excellent opportunity to treat
tuberculosis.»
Although people
with latent
tuberculosis can not spread the disease, the ability to test for increased genetic susceptibility to development of
active disease could lead to unfair treatment of specific subpopulations that are already marginalized, and could allow familiar ethical issues surrounding the justifiability of ethnic stratification to surface [100][103].
For example, a particular gene variant in the promoter region of the IL10 gene is associated
with a 40 to 60 % increased risk of developing
active tuberculosis among Europeans and Americans [75].
The rest of the genome appears to be cluttered
with more than 1,100 «pseudogenes,» which resemble genes in M.
tuberculosis but are no longer
active.
To assess these responses in well defined cohorts of M.
tuberculosis - infected or exposed individuals and patients
with active TB either or not co-infected
with HIV, and follow up longitudinally after anti-
tuberculosis chemotherapy, in order to correlate specific responses
with protective immunity.
One - third of the world population has latent TB — meaning they are infected
with the bacteria (M.
tuberculosis) that causes the disease but not actively suffering from the disease — providing a potential reservoir of infection if the disease moved into an
active state.