Sentences with phrase «with aerosol»

[Reply: Knowledge of industrial output and typical emissions of said industries; knowledge of emissions of SO2 and other aerosol precursors and the relation with aerosol properties.

The latter include damages associated with aerosol - induced hydrologic cycle changes that lead to net climate benefits when reducing cooling aerosols.

I can now rework my Gregory 02 calculations using the best observational forcing estimates, as reflected in Figure 8.18 with aerosol forcing rescaled as described above.

All secondary aerosols (sulphuric, nitrates and organics) are computed on - line together with the aerosol associated water.

That is, they compared patterns of change in a GCM with those in observations and the best fit occured when scaled with an aerosol forcing of -1.01 + / - 0.6 W / m ^ 2 +.

However, it is clear that ocean variability interferes with aerosol forcing as well as with any other forcing.

Comparisons of individual models with aerosol observations have shown a large underestimate of the ΟΑ component by models, especially in polluted areas.

If the aerosol hypothesis were correct then the global distribution of warming and cooling over the twentieth century would be matched by the model which was adjusted with the aerosol cooling.

This has no match with aerosol abundances or population centers.

The problem with clouds in climate models are of two different types: the first is a microphysics / chemistry one, regarding the physics and chemistry of how a population of cloud particles interacts with aerosol particles and evolves with time.

(Note: the biggest issue is climate sensitivity, with a secondary issue being the magnitude of modes of natural internal variability on multi-decadal time scales, and tertiary issues associated model inadequacies in dealing with aerosol - cloud processes and solar indirect effects.)

NASA GISS does one of the better jobs with aerosol forcing; for many models it is straight tuning.

The problem with the aerosol explanation for the mid-century cooling is that it begs the question:

Further, GISS Model - E is run with aerosol forcings that do not level off until 1990.

Is it the eccentric Russian Yuri Izrael, who is experimenting with aerosol spraying?

Instead, they discuss new ways of playing around with the aerosol judge factor needed to explain why 20th - century warming is about half of the warming expected for increased in GHGs; and then expand their list of fudge factors to include smaller volcanos, stratospheric water vapor (published with no estimate of uncertainty for the predicted change in Ts), transfer of heat to the deeper ocean (where changes in heat content are hard to accurately measure), etc..

I am still stuck with the aerosol influence on global temperature (posts 27, 52, 109 and 148).

, and ozone depletion with some aerosol methods).

It is my understanding that the uncertainties regarding climate sensitivity to a nominal 2XCO2 forcing is primarily a function of the uncertainties in (1) future atmospheric aerosol concentrations; both sulfate - type (cooling) and black carbon - type (warming), (2) feedbacks associated with aerosol effects on the properties of clouds (e.g. will cloud droplets become more reflective?)

The works in Gravity were inspired by Lee's studies of physics and integrating his findings in the process of painting with aerosol and latex.

Here a beautiful collaboration between El Mac, Augustine Kofie and Joseph «Nuke» Montalvo in Los Angeles The portrait was painted entirely with aerosol and fatcaps, and is based on

All completed freehand with aerosol spray paint.

★ BLAKE RAYNE The abstract paintings in this show, an important one for this impressive New York artist, were made with aerosol spray directed at folded, cut and stitched - together canvas.

While his graffiti art in Norway has sometimes been thought of as defacing property, in these pieces he's been turned loose with aerosol and brushes and has brought a loose - limbed freedom to the canvases.

The scene was festive and chaotic: the locals packed the streets of an old, weathered neighborhood outside the city proper, sipping from small bottles of aguardiente, Colombia's national paint remover, and squirting the gringos (us) with aerosol cans of foam and bags of water.

Similarly, cages should not be placed in a bathroom because of the health risks associated with aerosol and cleaning products.

Spritz a toothbrush with aerosol hairspray, then use it to clean up stray hairs along your part and hairline.

In accordance with Aerosol, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) activities, the main goal of the campaign will be vertical profiling of gases, aerosols and cloud properties by unique combination of in - situ and remote sensing techniques.

Now, with the Aerosol Modeling Testbed, scientists can systematically and objectively evaluate new aerosol process modules over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.

Research aircraft outfitted with aerosol probes and sensors obtained data from the sky above Manaus during the GoAmazon research campaign.

One of the key uncertainties is clouds, understanding the physics behind clouds and how clouds interact with aerosol particles.

Previous published data with aerosol cisplatin indicated that the Maxineb ® (6 liters / minute and 35 psi) with a large residual cup (≤ 10mls) produced 1.266 μm.14 (Figure 2).

Shiraiwa, M., Sosedova, Y., Rouvière, A., Yang, H, Zhang, Y., Abbatt, J. P. D., Ammann, M., and Pöschl, U.: The role of longlived reactive oxygen intermediates in the reaction of ozone with aerosol particles, Nature Chemistry, 3, 291 - 295, 2011.

Since Thornton's and his colleagues» study was published, Ilan Koren and Orit Altaratz at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and colleagues have found, using the WWLLN, that more intense lightning is connected with aerosol sources over land.

When analyzed together with the aerosol loading over the same area at the same time, the outcome, says Koren, was a «textbook demonstration of the invigoration effect» of added aerosols on clouds.

Going forward, Signorell and her colleagues are interested in broadening the scope of their work with the aerosol overlayer method.

In particular, they propose that cloud changes associated with aerosol particles in the atmosphere could be causing the weekend effect, though other pollution processes can not be ruled out at this time.

Unfortunately, current simulation models, which combine global climate models with aerosol transport models, consistently underestimate the amount of these aerosols in the Arctic compared to actual measurements during the spring and winter seasons, making it difficult to accurately assess the impact of these substances on the climate.

Spray them with an aerosol insecticide.

The lasers themselves could be located up to a few hundred meters away from the radioactive source, Isaacs said, as long as line - of - sight was maintained and the air was not too turbulent or polluted with aerosols.

Most of these are derived from studying the modern atmosphere, which is heavily polluted with aerosols such as airborne soot.

However, to make climate models more accurate, we are focused on developing a better understanding of the dynamics of organic aerosols formed from plant - based organic vapors and their interaction with aerosols emitted from human activities,» said Dr. Chen Song, a PNNL atmospheric scientist.

Approach The scientific challenges associated with aerosols are complex and demand integration across disciplines.

The top priorities should be reducing uncertainties in climate sensitivity, getting a better understanding of the effect of climate change on atmospheric circulation (critical for understanding of regional climate change, changes in extremes) and reducing uncertainties in radiative forcing — particularly those associated with aerosols.

Since the 1950's we have ~ 0 C of solar warming plus ~ 0.7 C of CO2 warming combined with aerosols to yield ~ 0.4 C of actual warming.

Subsequent work (for instance by Drew Shindell) has shown that the simplified EBMs are missing important transient effects associated with aerosols, and so the divergence is very likely less than AR5 assessed.

APS, however, would have observed many more scattering angles, meaning a much improved ability to determine cloud optical properties along with aerosols.

All it demonstrates is that there is more than one causal factor, as is well known, with aerosols (from fossil fuels and volcanoes), land - use changes (through affecting CH$ and CO2 levels and albedo) and solar irradiance all playing a role.

While it is true that, holding everything else equal, an increase in how much cooling was associated with aerosols would lead to an increase in the estimate of climate sensitivity, the error bars are too large for this to be much of a constraint.

I have never seen albedo issues discussed except at geoengineering level with aerosols in the atmosphere, etc..