Sentences with phrase «with aerosols in the stratosphere»

«Geoengineering» by reducing insolation with aerosols in the stratosphere will also reduce the effectiveness of solar panels.

Not exact matches

OMPS is a three - part instrument: a nadir mapper that maps ozone, SO2 and aerosols; a nadir profiler that measures the vertical distribution of ozone in the stratosphere; and a limb profiler that measures aerosols in the upper troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere with high vertical resolution.

Ueno says that once aerosols are in the stratosphere they become very stable and can last for years, compared with days or weeks in the troposphere, and they can activate compounds such as chlorine that destroy the ozone layer.

Sulphur dioxide reacts with water vapour to form long - lived droplets (aerosols) of sulphuric acid, and about 10 million tons of these droplets are known to have accumulated in the stratosphere as a result of the eruption.

Rough calculations show if you drill about a dozen mine shafts as deep as possible into the thing, and plunk megaton nuclear bombs down there, and then fire them off simultaneously, you'll get a repeat of the Long Valley Caldera explosion of about 800,000 years ago — which coated everything east of it with miles of ash and injected a giant aerosol cloud into the stratosphere — the ash layer alone formed a triangle stretching from the caldera to Louisiana to North Dakota, including all of Arizona and most of Idaho and everything in between — I bet that would have a cooling factor of at least -30 W / m ^ 2 — and you could go and do the Yellowstone Plateau at the same time — geoengineering at its finest.

Ozone climatology: Some chemistry / aerosol models will run with interactive stratospheric chemistry while others will prescribe ozone in the stratosphere and only run with detailed tropospheric chemistry.

This is similar to what happens with industrial aerosols: they never reach the stratosphere and are washed away in 1 - 2 weeks (Ramanathan).

Despite differences in volcanic aerosol parameters employed, models computing the aerosol radiative effects interactively yield tropical and global mean lower - stratospheric warmings that are fairly consistent with each other and with observations (Ramachandran et al., 2000; Hansen et al., 2002; Yang and Schlesinger, 2002; Stenchikov et al., 2004; Ramaswamy et al., 2006b); however, there is a considerable range in the responses in the polar stratosphere and troposphere.

Here, gasses react with water to form aerosol particles that linger in the stratosphere for one or two years, reflecting sunlight and heat from the sun, and cooling the planet.

One recent study estimated it would take 6,700 business jet flights per day — outfitted with spraying equipment — to keep enough aerosols in the stratosphere to cool the climate by one degree Celsius.

Tinkering with the Earth and its atmosphere in an attempt to fend off global warming — a.k.a. geoengineering — seems like the stuff of science fiction: Lacing the stratosphere with sulfur aerosols or whitening clouds over the ocean to reflect sunlight back into space.

What does seem to be known is that aerosols fall out of the lower atmosphere (as high as they can be launched with conventional bombs) in days, and persist for less than 2 years when launched into the stratosphere by a major volcanic event like Pinatubo which was equivalent to several H bombs.

During this period, the aerosol amount varied with dust export from Africa, but also from major eruptions by two volcanoes (El Chichon in 1982 and Pinatubo in 1991), each of which left a reflective layer of sulfate droplets in the lower stratosphere for a couple of years.