Sentences with phrase «with atmospheric particles»

This more targeted study will shed light on how thirdhand smoke particles compare with atmospheric particles.»

Not exact matches

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

After allowing for humidity and rainfall, they found that «aerosol optical thickness» — a measure of the concentration of atmospheric particles — decreased by only 10 to 15 per cent compared with the same periods in 2002 to 2007 (Geophysical Research Letters, in press).

They occur when charged space particles, typically from the sun, stream along a planet's magnetic field lines and interact with atmospheric atoms, producing not only optical light but also radio emissions.

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

However, the health of the entire population pays a high price: substitution of gasoline for ethanol leads to a 30 % increase in the atmospheric concentration of ultrafine particulate matter, which consists of particles with a diameter of less than 50 nanometers (nm).

Some atmospheric VOCs combine with oxygen to form tiny airborne particles called oxygenated VOCs (oVOCs), which insulate the atmosphere and lead to warming.

This is traditionally done with an array of particle detectors deployed on a large grid, which then sample the energetic «air - shower» particles made in atmospheric interactions of the original cosmic particle.

Solar particles collide with atmospheric gases in the thermosphere; creating a brilliant light show that is best seen from late autumn to early spring on cold, clear nights above the Arctic Circle.

In another set of experiments, they coated the sulfate particles with atmospheric products of α - pinene, the gas responsible for that distinctive pine tree smell, and then added IEPOX.

The use of fog, smoke and rain is both film - like and disorienting, with fantastically atmospheric use of blur, particle effects and lighting.

With atmospheric brushes of blue paint and contrails of pink and red, they conjure up the blazing beauty inside a particle accelerator.

A paper discussing the difficulty of getting from nm sized nucleation mode to a size that can generate cloud particles is: Erupe, M. E., et al. (2010), Correlation of aerosol nucleation rate with sulfuric acid and ammonia in Kent, Ohio: An atmospheric observation, J. Geophys.

Fossil fuel combustion has dispersed fly ash particles worldwide, pretty well coincident with the peak distribution of the «bomb spike» of radionuclides generated by atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, Dr Waters says.

Production of «potential» cloud condensation nuclei associated with atmospheric new - particle formation in northern Finland.

Even a 6 yr old will say that annual atmospheric spraying of 20 million tons of aluminium nano particles combined with fluoride, barium, strontium, polymer fibres, desiccated blood, microbial fungi, etc, etc, is a very bad idea.

The light is scattered by the atmospheric molecules and particles, and a fraction is collected back on the ground with a telescope.

The position statement opens with the following: «Careful and comprehensive scientific assessments have clearly demonstrated that the Earth's climate system is changing rapidly in response to growing atmospheric burdens of greenhouse gases and absorbing aerosol particles (IPCC, 2007).

This route to atmospheric particle formation may be important at coastal sites with exposed seaweed, but its global importance is questionable to say the very least; at present it could best be considered an interesting thought experiment.

It has been hypothesized that galactic cosmic rays (GCR) create atmospheric ions which facilitates aerosol nucleation and new particle formation with a further impact on the cloud formation (Kazil et al., 2012; Pierce and Adams, 2009).

Recently it was suggested that the formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles is connected with the existence of thermodynamically stable 1 - to 2 - nm clusters, formed in the atmosphere by some nucleation mechanism.

Perhaps taking the time to familiarize oneself with the atmospheric circulation patterns of the area will show that it is perfectly normal, natural and expected that those particles reach Antarctica through warm air advection pathways... Just look at a satellite animation.