Sentences with phrase «with atmospheric transport»

Demonstrated understanding of the concepts involved with atmospheric transport, dispersion models and air quality studies.

Not exact matches

The transport processes are also very variable from winter to winter and the amount of ozone pumped into the Arctic is also correlated with temperature (this is not a causal relationship — the correlation exists, because variability in temperatures and in ozone transport are both driven by the same atmospheric processes).

Atmospheric scientists measure the amount of CH4 gas in the atmosphere and use these data, along with models of atmospheric transport, to estimate the amount of CH4 released at Earth's surface.

Besides being blessed with great acting, this atmospheric mood piece features eerie cinematography that manages to transport you back to the Civil War era more convincingly than either 12 Years a Slave or Django Unchained.

For instance, there is no evidence that, with the current configuration, atmospheric heat transports have vastly different modes of behaviour — and so they are unlikely to suddenly flip into a new state.

Their abstract says «energy budget calculations show that poleward atmospheric energy transport increases more in solar forcing compared to equivalent CO2 forcing simulations, which is in line with the identified strong increase in large - scale precipitation in solar forcing scenarios.»

The transport processes are also very variable from winter to winter and the amount of ozone pumped into the Arctic is also correlated with temperature (this is not a causal relationship — the correlation exists, because variability in temperatures and in ozone transport are both driven by the same atmospheric processes).

This simple radiative example (convective transport is not being allowed) shows that any finite surface temperature Ts can be supported in radiative equilibrium with any arbitrarily cold «upper atmosphere» temperature Tt, by prescribing the appropriate LW opacity TAU for the atmospheric layer, with the energy required to maintain a fixed Ts adjusted accordingly.

An atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean was forced with altered implied ocean heat transports during a period of increasing trace gases.

This product primarily exploits high - quality measurements of air samples collected at tens of sites around the world by various laboratories (119 sites for CO2, 30 sites for CH4 and 127 sites for N2O), in combination with a numerical model of atmospheric tracer transport (Chevallier et al. 2010, Bergamaschi et al. 2013, Thompson et al. 2014).

Atmospheric scientists measure the amount of CH4 gas in the atmosphere and use these data, along with models of atmospheric transport, to estimate the amount of CH4 released at Earth's surface.

For example, the Hadley cell, the large - scale pattern of atmospheric circulation that transports heat from the tropics to the subtropics, has marched south during recent decades, moving the subtropical dry zone (a band that receives little rainfall) along with it.

Climate simulations including atmospheric aerosols with chemical transport have greatly improved since the TAR.

Why is it that revolutionary changes in our social / economic / political system are greeted with enthusiasm, as «progress», and yet the rather small increase on atmospheric [CO2], a byproduct of cheap transport and electricity that underpins our whole way of life, is treated as a disaster?

Associated with our work on atmospheric circulation patterns we are studying energy transport in the earth system and the transport of water in the atmosphere on different time and space scales.

Lower ice concentrations in 2011 relative to 2007 in late May indicate increased sensitivity of the arctic ice cover to atmospheric dynamical forcing, with implications for ice transport during summer.

We analyze spatial patterns of precipitation globally associated with forest loss by calculating shifts in the global tropical precipitation band, the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), associated with changes in cross-equatorial atmospheric heat transport using equation 2.21 from [33].

Coastal and equatorial upwelling bring an enormous amount of DIC to the surface, with subsequent transport to the gyres of the open ocean, causing declines in open ocean surface pH at rates that are much faster than possibly attributed to atmospheric diffusion.

Associated with the warming, there has been an enhanced atmospheric hydrological cycle in the Southern Ocean that results in an increase of the Antarctic sea ice for the past three decades through the reduced upward ocean heat transport and increased snowfall.

In an attempt to deal with the problem, the US Atmospheric Science Program (ASP) ``... has as its long - term goal developing comprehensive understanding of the atmospheric processes that control the transport, transformation, and fate of energy related trace chemicals and particulate matter.

The strong poleward atmospheric heat and moisture transport may be one reason why the West Antarctic and Peninsula climate appears to be more strongly coupled with regional sea ice concentration and extent anomalies than does the East Antarctic (e.g. Jacobs and Comiso 1997; Weatherly et al. 1991).

Simpson began with a gray - body calculation, Simpson (1928a); very soon after he reported that this paper was worthless, for the spectral variation must be taken into account, Simpson (1928b); 2 - dimensional model (mapping ten degree squares of latitude and longitude): Simpson (1929a); a pioneer in pointing to latitudinal transport of heat by atmospheric eddies was Defant (1921); for other early energy budget climate models taking latitude into account, not covered here, see Kutzbach (1996), pp. 354 - 59.

For Europe specifically, it is estimated that the CO2 flux from land vegetation contributes to reduce the global net flux associated with atmospheric growth of CO2, but the relative magnitude of this sink has been decreasing since the 1990s (from capturing 40 % of the global growth previously, to about 20 % now), likely further to changes in the atmospheric transport of heat and humidity over Europe.

GEM, with an atmospheric lifetime in the range of 5 — 24 months, can be transported across long distances to remote locations before conversion to divalent Hg species by atmospheric oxidation processes (4).

For the real earth, with a significant heat capacity and significant atmospheric and ocean transport, the one summary number that has meaning is the average of T ^ 4 over the surface of the earth... That is what is going to go into determination of the global surface radiative balance.

In the lower PBL, the main energy transport takes place through small - scale turbulence with short time scales which may not be well represented by monthly mean values from the atmospheric model used for the reanalysis.

Coupling of atmospheric regions: To study some of the mechanisms that provide coupling between the upper and lower atmosphere, e.g., downward transport of NO with its effects on ozone photochemistry and the vertical exchange of minor species such as odd oxygen, CO, and H2O.

There are a host of other lesser reasons that are associated with the atmospheric temperature profile at the poles, temperature dependence of global feedbacks, moisture transport, etc..

Arctic sea ice is declining rapidly, and some researchers predict that fresh meltwater will inhibit nutrient transport and limit biological activity, allowing the surface ocean to come into equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 and promoting acidification.

Through baroclinic instability, the potential energy associated with temperature gradients is converted into the energy in atmospheric eddies that dominate the heat and angular momentum transport poleward of the subsiding region of the Hadley cell.

Its current dust output is essentially transport - limited, but with expected changes in future atmospheric circulation in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, changes to deflation in the Bodélé may impose critical changes on the behavior of the Earth system in response to the role that dust plays in the biosphere and the sheer quantity emitted from this key region.