Sentences with phrase «with brain alterations»

The study didn't include people with a psychotic disorder, but the findings line up with brain alterations found in patients with schizophrenia.

Not exact matches

She found that milestone achievement was abnormal in these monkeys: at six to eight weeks they were slow in starting to manipulate, and at ten months the increase in «motor disturbance behaviors» that normally occurs was prolonged.101 The author concludes, «These effects could occur as a result of effects on vulnerable brain processes during a sensitive period, interference with programming of [normal] brain development by endogenous [internal] agents or alteration in early experiences.»

Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37

The developments have generated new ethical concepts such as «cognitive liberty» that asks whether a person should be the only one with access to their thoughts and whether brain alterations should be made reversible in addition to concerns related to technologies falling into the wrong hands.

McLean Hospital neuroscientists have found that immune system activation during pregnancy and right at birth can cause alterations in the brain's neural circuits during young adulthood that are consistent with behavioral symptoms common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental conditions.

Weight loss surgery can curb alterations in brain activity associated with obesity and improve cognitive function involved in planning, strategizing and organizing, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM).

In a matter of days, the mice developed many of the symptoms — and even some of the brain alterations — seen in people with chronic pain.

Additionally, the brain structure abnormalities identified in this study reflect those found in children with depression or at high risk for developing the disorder, suggesting that these alterations may be why children of mothers with perinatal depression are more vulnerable to depression later in life.

New research illuminates definitive brain alterations in troops with Gulf War Illness (GWI) thought to result from the exposure to neurotoxic chemicals, including sarin gas, during the first Persian Gulf War.

More recently, brain scans have directly linked these conditions with changes in levels of neurotransmitters — chemicals that convey messages across neurons — or alterations in the number or structure of neurons in different brain areas.

It has been a longstanding hypothesis that alterations in the microcircuit of the prefrontal cortex and / or in its connectivity with the rest of the brain may be at the core of many of these disorders.

To examine alterations in brain activation associated with pharmacologically induced memory impairment, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to study the effects of lorazepam and scopolamine on a face - name

Brain gray matter alterations and associated demographic profiles in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A meta - analysis of voxel - based morphometry studies.

Interestingly, estrogen effects within the brain with consequent alterations of leptin and insulin sensitivity could also be verified in male animals after estrogen administration (262).

While there is almost universal agreement amongst researchers that autism is associated with alterations in brain connectivity, the precise nature of these alterations continues to be debated.

New research by Washington University School of Medicine researchers, including Terrie E. Inder, MD, shows that exposure to stressors in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with alterations in the brain structure and function of very preterm infants.

9/25/2007 Sense of Taste Different in Women with Anorexia Nervosa Imaging Study Finds Brain Changes Associated with the Regulation of Appetite Although anorexia nervosa is categorized as an eating disorder, it is not known whether there are alterations of the portions of the brain that regulate appeBrain Changes Associated with the Regulation of Appetite Although anorexia nervosa is categorized as an eating disorder, it is not known whether there are alterations of the portions of the brain that regulate appebrain that regulate appetite.

In this work, we show that chronic treatment with L. rhamnosus induced region - dependent alterations in GABA (B1b) mRNA in the brain with increases in cortical regions (cingulate and prelimbic) and concomitant reductions in expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and locus coeruleus, in comparison with control - fed mice.

These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in the GABA system of the brain in the probiotic group, matching the known effects of antidepressant or anxiolytic chemical agents (for example, anxiolytic agents such as benzodiazepines work at GABA receptors)[91].

These abnormalities coexist with mitochondrial structural alteration and mitochondrial DNA overproliferation and / or deletion in all brain cellular compartments.

Brain tissue is highly sensitive to alterations in NAD + levels.67 A mouse study showed that supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide increased NAD + levels in the brain, slowed cognitive decline in mice with Alzheimer's, and enhanced the plasticity in neurons that underlies learning and memoBrain tissue is highly sensitive to alterations in NAD + levels.67 A mouse study showed that supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide increased NAD + levels in the brain, slowed cognitive decline in mice with Alzheimer's, and enhanced the plasticity in neurons that underlies learning and memobrain, slowed cognitive decline in mice with Alzheimer's, and enhanced the plasticity in neurons that underlies learning and memory.67

It was found that «the mice whose mothers had breathed the fumes showed significantly less spontaneous motor activity and that this inactivity was associated with alterations in brain metabolism of neurotransmitters.»

The WHO (world health organization) and other medical organizations use the classification of «mild» traumatic brain injury to indicate that the injury to the brain was associated with a brief alteration in consciousness and does not require surgical intervention.

The scans of those with brain injuries showed significant alterations in the structure of the brain.

As exposure to poverty is well known to be strongly associated with a variety of negative life experiences, the role that these risk factors appeared to play in the relationship between poverty and alterations in brain development elucidates more specific targets for prevention.

Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with tiredness and restrictions of positive activities, alterations in brain physiology and associated cognitive difficulties, and often with headaches and muscle aches (Afari & Buchwald, 2003).

Specifically, exposure to prenatal and / or postnatal stress is associated with increased basal and stress - induced responsiveness of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, increased central corticotropin - releasing hormone and norepinephrine drive, decreased γ - aminobutyric acid / benzodiazepine functioning, multiple alterations in the serotonergic system, and reduction in hippocampal volume, a brain structure vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of stress - induced elevations in circulating glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) and amino acids (e.g., glutamate).

Importantly however, DNA methylation alterations associated with social exposures are not restricted to the brain.

Studies were included in our meta - analyses if the following criteria were given: (I) included at least one clinical group with described aggressive behaviour, (II) in combination with a healthy control sample, (III) conducted during adolescence, (IV) reported whole brain gray matter volume alterations or whole brain functional neuroimaging data, (V) results are described using a standard reference space (Talairach or MNI) and (VI) the same threshold was used throughout the whole brain analysis.

In both meta - analysis of structural and functional brain alterations in adolescents with AB versus controls, no studies providing results based on a priori region - of - interest analysis only were included (since they violate the assumption, under the null hypothesis, that the likelihood of locating activated foci is equal at every voxel).

So, like age - related overactivation generally, this age - related alteration in hemispheric specialization, a pattern dubbed «hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults» or HAROLD (Cabeza, 2002), means that cognitive neuroscience studies of brain aging are raising new questions with broad neuroscientific implications (Figure 1A).

Results from recent research at the Institute's Developmental Traumatology Laboratory suggest that the overwhelming stress of maltreatment experiences in childhood is associated with alterations of biological stress systems and with adverse influences on brain development.

For example, prenatal maternal anxiety is associated with an altered function of the placenta, in a way that may allow more cortisol to pass from mother to fetus.8 This probably underlies some of the alterations in fetal and child brain neurodevelopment following early exposure to stress and may also be one of the mediators of an altered epigenetic profile, although many other biological systems, including serotonin, dopamine and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, are also likely to be involved.

Structural and functional alterations in a variety of brain regions have been associated with depression and risk for depression across the life span.