Sentences with phrase «with cell nuclei»

[4] Eukaryotes are uni - or multicellular organisms with cell nuclei and organelles, unlike bacteria and archaea.

They live inside their host's cells and have highly specialized features: They are only able to reproduce inside the host's cells, they have the smallest known genome of all organisms with a cell nucleus (eukaryotes) and they posses no mitochondria of their own (the cell's power plant).

Structurally, chlorella is a higher life form than spirulina, Spirulina is classified as a photosynthetic bacterium, while chlorella is a plant with a cell nucleus, making it exactly like the advanced fruits and vegetables we eat everyday.

Not exact matches

The cells look like strands of translucent spaghetti, with bright dots — nuclei, Schulze says — sprinkled here and there.

It is far more likely, however, that the egg - cell cytoplasm with its stripping factor will reprogram all the genetic material including the alterations made in the donor nucleus that were intended to prevent the creation of the zygote.

OAR proponents claim that when the altered donor - cell nucleus with its activated nanog gene is transferred to the enucleated oocyte (egg cell), the presence of nanog will immediately convert the enucleated egg cell to a pluripotent cell, without ever forming a zygote.

The consensus on the evolution of primitive life is that simple life forms (prokaryotes, organisms whose cells lack a distinct nucleus) inhabited the Earth about 3 - 4 billion years ago, eukaryotic cells (those with a nucleus which contains the genetic material) emerging 2 - 3 billion years ago.

Cells with nuclei, called eukaryotic cells (which make up virtually all multi-cellular organisms) are much larger and more complex that prokaryotic cells and likely resulted from the early combining of prokaryotic cCells with nuclei, called eukaryotic cells (which make up virtually all multi-cellular organisms) are much larger and more complex that prokaryotic cells and likely resulted from the early combining of prokaryotic ccells (which make up virtually all multi-cellular organisms) are much larger and more complex that prokaryotic cells and likely resulted from the early combining of prokaryotic ccells and likely resulted from the early combining of prokaryotic cellscells.

We anticipate some sort of growth toward increased complexity: increasingly larger organic macromolecules, then the convergence of many macromolecules to constitute a simple living system, either as a cell with its protective wall and vital nucleus or as some functional analogue, then the convergence of many cells to form larger organisms.

Then he remembered things he learned in psychology classes: A cluster of cells in the center of the brain, the nucleus accumbens, gets dosed with the neurotransmitter dopamine when we do something fun, like have sex or eat a doughnut.

Both involve a technique called nuclear transplantation — replacing the nucleus of a donor's egg with the DNA from an adult cell.

The second part of this process is the fusion of the polar nuclei with a second sperm cell nucleus, thus forming a primary endosperm.

In the paper, published in the now - defunct online journal e-biomed, West, Lanza and their colleagues showed that they could pull a nucleus from a human egg cell, replace it with a whole adult ovarian cell and generate an embryo that divided into six cells.

AS A species made up of eukaryotic cells complete with mitochondria, nuclei and other complex structures, it's easy for us Homo sapiens to look down on the far simpler prokaryotes, the cells of which lack such structures.

A few years ago, Snyder's team and other researchers found that if NO reacts with GAPDH, GAPDH can then bind to another protein that whisks GAPDH away from its humdrum sugar metabolism tasks and into the nucleus, the cell's control center.

They selected cells that had taken up the DNA and placed them in contact with cow eggs whose nuclei had been removed.

Finding the answer would fill a major gap in the history of eukaryotes (literally, cells with a «true nucleus»), which in the space of two billion years have populated the world with everything from singled - celled amoeba and plankton to pine trees, scientists and, of course, elephants.

Goats as Drug Factories Initially, GTC generated transgenic goats by microinjecting into the developing nucleus of a one - cell embryo a gene encoding the desired human protein (along with DNA that promotes activation of that gene in milk).

Biochemist Radhey Gupta of McMaster University in Canada proposes that a bacterium and an archaean fused to form the first eukaryote, based on his analysis of a pair of slow - changing genes found in what may be one of the oldest cells with a nucleus, Giardia lamblia.

The prize will be equally split between biophysicist Venkatraman Ramakrishnan of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge in England, biochemist Thomas Steitz of Yale University and molecular biologist Ada Yonath of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, for their work in using x-ray crystallography to get a precise, atomic - scale map of the ribosome — the protein - making machine in all cells with nuclei that makes life possible.

Another important epigenetic mechanism is that the proteins that are packed together with DNA in the cell nucleus, called histones, can be chemically modified in their tails.

In the initial work at the Roslin Institute, the egg cells along with their transplanted nuclei were then implanted directly into a foster mother, where they developed and, in the case of Dolly, resulted in a viable offspring.

The larger organelles, such as the nucleus and vacuoles, are easily visible with moderate magnification (although sometimes a clear view requires the application of chemicals that selectively stain parts of the cells); they were among the first biological discoveries made after the invention of the microscope.

The method, called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), replaces the DNA in an egg cell's nucleus with the genetic material from the nucleus of a skin cell, then tricks the egg cell to start dividing as if it had been fertilized with sperm.

But within the coral trout's lesions, cells looked abnormal with nuclei that varied dramatically in size and shape.

OHSU scientists have also demonstrated that SCNT allows replacement of mutated mitochondrial genes with healthy donor egg mitochondria while retaining the patient cell's nucleus.

On closer inspection, each separate «eye» was a single - celled microbe with a central nucleus and a chromatin dot.

With more - than -30-year-old frozen tissues from a preserved frog, the team extracted and implanted the nucleus of a dead cell into a fresh host egg from a distantly related species.

For instance, ZBTB48 KO (knock - out) cells loose the expression of MTFP1 leading to defects in the mitochondrial network with mitochondria clustering around the nucleus instead of being widely spread throughout the cell.

One group was born from eggs whose nuclei had been replaced with genetic matter from a type of cell called a cumulus cell that surrounds the ovaries.

In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged with histone proteins into complexes known as chromatin, which are further compacted into chromosomes during cell division.

But like the medieval alchemists, today's cloning and stem cell biologists are working largely with processes they don't fully understand: What actually happens inside the oocyte to reprogram the nucleus is still a mystery, and scientists have a lot to learn before they can direct a cell's differentiation as smoothly as nature's program of development does every time fertilized egg gives rise to the multiple cell types that make up a live baby.

Experts take the cell nucleus of one human egg cell whose mitochondria have a defect and place it in an egg cell with «healthy» mitochondria.

Disease processes often begin with mutations in the transcription factor, or in the DNA they bind to inside the nucleus of cells to regulate the complex interplay of genes needed for a healthy functioning body.

Most are microscopic and unicellular, with a relatively simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus, and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.Bacteria are the most abundant of all organisms.

«We demonstrated that alpha - KGDH interacts with Gcn5 in the cell nucleus and found that tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth were inhibited when alpha - KGDH was blocked from entering the cell nucleus or by disruption of Gcn5's binding to succinyl - coenzyme A,» said Lu.

(Eukaryotes are all organisms with cells that contain a nucleus, from microbes to plants to vertebrates.

Either the mother and daughter succeed in stretching the tether to its breaking point, or they give up in the tug - of - war and revert to being a single cell with two nuclei.

Understanding the mechanisms that allow cells of the cochlear nucleus to compute with temporal precision has implications for understanding the evolution of the auditory system.

The scientists removed the DNA - containing nuclei from the eggs and replaced them with DNA from the donor skin cells.

They then replaced one of a living yeast cell's natural chromosomes with it — the first time this had been done in more complex cells with a nucleus.

If the researchers find cells with decent enough DNA, Iritani says, he would inject a mammoth cell's nucleus into an elephant egg and zap it with electricity to jolt the egg into fertilization mode.

1962 John Gurdon removes the nucleus from the egg cell of a frog and replaces it with a nucleus of a mature cell from a tadpole.

Histones are vitally important because our genetic material is vast: every cell in the body has more than six feet of DNA bundled within a tiny nucleus, a space much smaller than can be seen with the naked eye.

The cell nuclei are in grey and the influenza gene segments are labeled as dots with a particular color.

Writing in 2014 in the European Journal of Neuroscience, Leuner and colleagues reported that in rats with symptoms of postpartum depression (induced by stress during pregnancy, a major risk factor for postpartum depression in women), nerve cells in the nucleus accumbens atrophied and showed fewer protrusions called dendritic spines — suggesting weaker connections to surrounding nerve cells compared with healthy rats.

This is a microscope image of a cell with silver nanoparticles with green fluorescence and red - stained nucleus.

Martin Brasier at the University of Oxford says the stable period may also have been vital for the evolution of eukaryotic cells — cells with a nucleus of genetic material.

Cloning may eventually give us basically identical genetic copies of extinct species, but we'll be restricted to animals that went extinct more recently and have well - preserved cells with intact nuclei.

When Gillian Bates at Guy's Hospital, London and Stephen Davies at University College in London and their colleagues examined the brains of transgenic mice endowed with a DNA encoding 150 of these glutamine repeats, they found that the protein started out, at birth, in the cytoplasm of the animals» brain cells and then gradually migrated to cell nuclei and clumped there.