CO2 goes up and down
with changes in ocean temperature just exactly like the carbonated drinks.
«The weakening and strengthening of the stratospheric circulation seems to correspond
with changes in ocean circulation in the North Atlantic,» Reichler says.
There are large changes with the El Nino - Southern Oscillation and volcanoes as well step changes and decadal variability to do with changes in cloud associated
with changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation.
My impression is that you think that «self - propelling» climate «trends» (something nebulous to do
with changes in ocean heat transport occurring for no known reason) are an alternative explanation for modern warming.
Shall we try to discern the cause of cloud changes associated
with changes in ocean circulation?
The data is confirmed by ISCCP - FD and consistent
with changes in ocean heat (IPCC, 2007).
Loeb (2012) shows that large changes in the Earth's energy balance at top of atmosphere occur
with changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation.
Cloud is one — https://judithcurry.com/2011/02/09/decadal-variability-of-clouds/ — cloud cover obviously changes
with changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation.
The second is what is termed as «steric change» — a scientific phrase that both identifies ocean thermal expansion due to warming combined
with changes in ocean salinity, which also impacts sea surface height.
Clouds change — associated
with changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation — in the short term and radically change the energy budget.
That suggests that cooling may start
with changes in the ocean circulation, influencing the northern sea surface and atmosphere, said co-author Jerry McManus, a professor at Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory.
It is clear that natural variability has dominated sea level rise during the 20th century,
with changes in ocean heat content and changes in precipitation patterns.
The cloud cover changes are consistent
with changes in ocean heat content in the satellite era.
Partly this has to do
with changes in ocean circulation taking warmer water deeper and partly as the result of the southern hemisphere having less land mass and more ocean — where the ocean has a higher thermal inertia, meaning that it takes longer for those waters to warm.
In order to keep track
with changes in the ocean, a thorough observation system is needed, Dr. Phil Williamson, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and University of East Anglia, states.
The most interesting feature is the step change in cloud — associated
with a change in ocean and atmospheric circulation — in the 1998/2001 climate shift.
Not exact matches
Jake explains, «We want to show our community what incredible things we can do
with recycled plastic, to promote
change that results
in helping to keep our
oceans clean.»
Many brands produce their spirulina
in toxic waters, and since our
oceans are filled
with mercury and toxins on so many accounts due to climate
change and pollution, it's highly important to choose a brand of spirulina that has direct control over the growth and control of the production of their spirulina products.
We haven't
changed the recipe since first opening
in 1983 - it's made
with sustainable wild Alaska Pollock, caught
in Alaska's
ocean waters, hand - dipped
in our signature seasoned beer batter and cooked to crispy perfection.
In summary of Harney Sushi's environmental ethos, the creed imprinted on the first page of the menu perhaps says it best: «Harney Sushi appeals to the growing population of sushi lovers who care enough about our planet to
change the way they eat; they realize that consumerism, along
with the public zeal for exotic seafood, is sucking the breath out of our
oceans.
Since these set of
ocean currents are known to influence global climate, the researchers were interested to see if it correlated
with rainfall
in the Western Hemisphere, and how such a correlation could
change over time.
As the timing and intensity of storms
change with the climate, Juniper says connections like these could trigger unexpected
changes in the
ocean's ecosystems.
Global warming could seriously mess
with fisheries
in a few ways: Carbon dioxide
in the air contributes to
ocean acidification, sea level rise could
change the dynamics of fisheries, and cold water fish like salmon could be pushed out by warming streams.
While Antarctic ice shelves are
in direct contact
with both the atmosphere and the surrounding
oceans, and thus subject to
changes in environmental conditions, they also go through repeated internally - driven cycles of growth and collapse.
Another possible issue
with attribution science, he says, is that the current generation of simulations simply may not be capable of capturing some of the subtle
changes in the climate and
oceans — a particular danger when it comes to studies that find no link to human activities.
The new sea - level record was then used
in combination
with existing deep - sea oxygen isotope records from the open
ocean, to work out deep - sea temperature
changes.
The resulting outburst of methane produced effects similar to those predicted by current models of global climate
change: a sudden, extreme rise
in temperatures, combined
with acidification of the
oceans.
Scientists conducting fieldwork
in the region are reporting massive chick die - offs and nests
with abandoned eggs, reports National Geographic's Winged Warnings series, which lays out the many threats facing the island's seabirds: warming
oceans, earlier thaws,
changing ocean chemistry and food webs, and increasing levels of
ocean pollutants from PCBs to mercury.
The research team compared the temperature
changes at Mt. Hunter
with those from lower elevations
in Alaska and
in the Pacific
Ocean.
Sometimes, these threats are exacerbated by natural trends, such as
changing ocean currents that help spark harmful algal blooms
in waters already loaded
with nutrients washed from farm fields.
The
changes occur
in devastating ways,
with more severe storms, [and]
ocean currents that wipe out fishing grounds, and those things are happening.»
A coral reef ecologist by training, she keeps one foot wet
in the field, while the other roams the worlds of creative storytelling and problem - solving,
with a focus on
ocean conservation and climate
change issues.
Changing temperatures and
ocean acidification, together
with rising sea level and shifts
in ocean productivity, will keep marine ecosystems
in a state of continuous
change for 100,000 years.
«We used these estimates to map natural extinction risk
in modern
oceans, and compare it
with recent human pressures on the
ocean such as fishing, and climate
change to identify the areas most at risk,» says Professor Pandolfi.
On average, Antarctic sea ice may be considerably thicker than once thought, which could significantly
change how scientists assess sea ice dynamics and their interactions
with the
ocean in a warming world.
Gibson and the team, which included her postdoctoral adviser Bob Thunell, a professor
in the Department of Earth and
Ocean Sciences
in Carolina's College of Arts and Sciences, then correlated the
changes in the Cariaco Basin
with changes in other markers of climate
change at other sites all over the globe.
But within these long periods there have been abrupt climate
changes, sometimes happening
in the space of just a few decades,
with variations of up to 10ºC
in the average temperature
in the polar regions caused by
changes in the Atlantic
ocean circulation.
«
Changes in spawning timing and poleward migration of fish populations due to warmer
ocean conditions or global climate
change will negatively affect areas that were historically dependent on these fish, and
change the food web structure of the areas that the fish move into
with unforeseen consequences,» researchers wrote.
The chemistry
in the growth rings
in the shells of the clam — which occur much like the annual growth rings
in the centre of trees — can act as a proxy for the chemical make - up of the
oceans, enabling researchers to reconstruct a history of how the
oceans have
changed over the past 1000 years
with unprecedented dating precision.
Climate
changes that began ~ 17,700 years ago included a sudden poleward shift
in westerly winds encircling Antarctica
with corresponding
changes in sea ice extent,
ocean circulation, and ventilation of the deep
ocean.
The study, published
in the American Geophysical Union's Geophysical Research Letters, is the first to document fine - scale
changes taking place on the ice shelf that help maintain its natural balance
with the surrounding
ocean waters.
The strength of the byssal threads varies seasonally, Carrington said,
with mussels creating significantly weaker threads
in late summer when the
oceans reach higher temperatures and high levels of acidity — both of which are also on the rise due to climate
change.
«These conditions will cause
changes in phytoplankton growth and
ocean circulation around Antarctica,
with the net effect of transferring nutrients from the upper
ocean to the deep
ocean,» said lead author J. Keith Moore, UCI professor of Earth system science.
Co-author Nerilie Abram, from the Australian National University, said: «
In order to better understand climate change in Antarctica, we need continued climate measurements in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, and extension of these short observational records with past climate reconstructions and climate modelling.&raqu
In order to better understand climate
change in Antarctica, we need continued climate measurements in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, and extension of these short observational records with past climate reconstructions and climate modelling.&raqu
in Antarctica, we need continued climate measurements
in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, and extension of these short observational records with past climate reconstructions and climate modelling.&raqu
in the Antarctic and Southern
Ocean, and extension of these short observational records
with past climate reconstructions and climate modelling.»
With so many instruments on the Yahtse, researchers have a unique opportunity to monitor
changes along the length of the glacier and discover how, for example, local
changes in ocean temperature and currents relate to movement further up the glacier.
In 2009, when Ravelo led an expedition of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) to the Bering Sea (with co-chief scientist Kozo Takahashi of Kyushu University, Japan), one of her main goals was to investigate the role of the North Pacific Intermediate Water in climate chang
In 2009, when Ravelo led an expedition of the Integrated
Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) to the Bering Sea (
with co-chief scientist Kozo Takahashi of Kyushu University, Japan), one of her main goals was to investigate the role of the North Pacific Intermediate Water
in climate chang
in climate
change.
At that time,
changes in atmospheric - oceanic circulation led to a stratification
in the
ocean with a cold layer at the surface and a warm layer below.
The working group on coupled biogeochemical cycling and controlling factors dealt
with questions regarding the role of plankton diversity, how
ocean biogeochemistry will respond to global
changes on decadal to centennial time scales, the key biogeochemical links between the
ocean, atmosphere, and climate, and the role of estuaries, shelves, and marginal seas
in the capturing, transformation, and exchange of terrestrial and open - marine material.
According to new research published
in Science magazine, just the opposite is likely the case
in the northern Pacific
Ocean,
with its anoxic zone expected to shrink
in coming decades because of climate
change.
Then they applied a set of mathematical models to estimate the movement of nutrients vertically
in the
oceans and across the land — and how this movement
changed with extinctions and declining animal populations.