Sentences with phrase «with clade»

The pathogen likely originated and remained in coexistence with a clade of salamander hosts for millions of years in Asia.

As the climate warmed during the Holocene, and suitable habitat expanded northward, gray fox population ranges shifted further north resulting in foxes with clade A haplotypes distributed as far north as Shasta County in northern California (Fig. 1).

Glacial climatic fluctuations caused habitat changes, including the appearance of continental ice sheets as far south as Washington State [37], that may have caused range shifts in locally adapted gray fox populations, with foxes with clade B haplotypes existing as far south as southern California.

There is now a clear lineage leading from non-avian dinosaurs to birds, starting with the clade of dinosaurs called Maniraptora («hand snatchers»).

Phylogenetic tree reconstructions showed two distinct clades existing within the 1a subtype with each clade having a star - like tree topology and lacking definite correlation between time or place of isolation and phylogeny.

A PCR fragment containing full - length env and rev genes was derived from plasma virion - associated RNA from a subject infected with a clade B virus by reverse transcription and nested PCR amplification procedures.

Under controlled conditions, Acropora millepora corals with clade D symbionts grow 29 % slower than those with clade C2 symbionts.

A PCR fragment containing full - length env and rev genes was derived from plasma virion - associated RNA from a subject acutely infected with a clade B virus by reverse transcription and nested PCR amplification.

Genome sequencing also revealed that MRSA clades were dynamic in the ICU over the three - month period, with some clades more prevalent early in the study and others later.

Not exact matches

However, what is more likely is that Coutinho will start of the left of the front attacking three with Emre Can filling in the midfield role, ahead of fresh signing Alex Clade - Chamberlain who will be used more as a utility player than anything else in Europe.

In fact, their taxonomic analysis displaces it from its alleged perch on the phylogenetic tree: «The Haarlem specimen is not a member of the Archaeopteryx clade,» says Rauhut, a paleontologist in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at LMU who is also affiliated with the Bavarian State Collections for Paleontology and Geology in Munich.

Most of the S. aureus found in monkeys were part of a clade, a group with common ancestors, which appeared to have resulted from a human - to - monkey transmission event that occurred 2,700 years ago.

Speciation had taken place four times as fast in clades where females mated with many males, his team reports in the 12 September Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

This evidence indicates that LB1 is not a modern human with an undiagnosed pathology or growth defect; rather, it represents a species descended from a hominin ancestor that branched off before the origin of the clade that includes modern humans, Neandertals, and their last common ancestor.

This discovery challenges the fundamentals of echinoderm evolution with respect to end - Permian survival and sheds new light on the early evolution of the modern clades, in particular on Triassic ghost lineages of the crown - group look - alikes of the Paleozoic hangovers.

The researchers also discovered that the clade asterid — which potatoes belong to along with tomatoes, coffee, and tobacco — likely split off from rosids (grapes, poplar trees, geraniums, etc.) around 89 million years ago.

With this technique, known as sister - clade comparision, evolutionary scientists look at groups of species that have common ancestry and age, known as sister clades, comparing the number of species with a particular behavior to the number withWith this technique, known as sister - clade comparision, evolutionary scientists look at groups of species that have common ancestry and age, known as sister clades, comparing the number of species with a particular behavior to the number withwith a particular behavior to the number without.

A landmark genomic study, with contributors from over two - dozen countries, shows the current problem of antibiotic resistant typhoid is driven by a single clade, family of typhoid bacteria, called H58 that has now spread globally.

Habitual bipedal locomotion is a defining feature of modern humans compared with other primates, and the evolution of this behaviour in our clade would have had profound effects on the biologies of our fossil ancestors and relatives.

This included a strongly supported clade (100 % BS on most branches) that comprised the three groups of vocal learners (parrots, songbirds, and hummingbirds) and most of the nonpredatory core landbirds, a monophyletic clade of diurnal birds of prey and seriemas (albeit with low 40 % BS), and a monophyletic clade of all aquatic and semiaquatic species of Passerea and Columbea (also with low 20 % BS)(Fig. 4D).

Results for different genomic partitions, methods, and data types are consistent with or contradict clades in our TENT ExaML, TENT MP - EST *, and exon - only trees and previous studies of morphology (15), DNA - DNA hybridization (24), mitochondrial genes (14), and nuclear genes (17).

Within core landbirds, we found 100 % BS for a previously more weakly supported clade (Australaves) containing seriemas (historically placed in Gruiformes), falcons (historically grouped with other diurnal birds of prey), parrots (historically difficult to place), and Passeriformes and a sister clade (Afroaves) containing Accipitrimorphae birds of prey, owls, mousebirds, woodpeckers, and bee eaters, among others (Fig. 1)(8, 17, 26, 29, 60).

Although some of the findings of the initial multigene studies (8, 17) have since been corroborated with larger sequence (26 — 28) or transposable element (TE) insertion data sets (29), other proposed clades were not supported (27, 28).

This third clade appears to have evolved starting with a single mutation in the genetic catalog, or genome, of the virus, said Stephen Gire of Harvard University and the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass..

It further shows that some docodontans had a diet with a substantial herbivorous component, distinctive from the faunivorous diets previously reported in other members of this clade.

The names of subclades and lineages defined for the Arctic - related, Asian and Cosmopolitan clades are detailed in S1 Table, with corresponding bootstrap values shown for major nodes.

With restricted distributions, serious conservation threats, and relatively low taxonomic richness compared with other odontocete clades, the evolutionary history of «river dolphins» remains a topic of perennial interest (Cassens et al., 2000; Hamilton et al., 2001; Nikaido et al., 2001; Pyenson, 2009; Ruiz - Garcia & Shostell, 2010; Turvey et al., 2010; Geisler et al., 20With restricted distributions, serious conservation threats, and relatively low taxonomic richness compared with other odontocete clades, the evolutionary history of «river dolphins» remains a topic of perennial interest (Cassens et al., 2000; Hamilton et al., 2001; Nikaido et al., 2001; Pyenson, 2009; Ruiz - Garcia & Shostell, 2010; Turvey et al., 2010; Geisler et al., 20with other odontocete clades, the evolutionary history of «river dolphins» remains a topic of perennial interest (Cassens et al., 2000; Hamilton et al., 2001; Nikaido et al., 2001; Pyenson, 2009; Ruiz - Garcia & Shostell, 2010; Turvey et al., 2010; Geisler et al., 2011).

The inclusion of 24 additional clade C samples19 in the phylogenetic analysis reveals the expected C1 and C2 split (100 % support) and that HXH, CTC, NGD and the Kartstein Cave dog share a common lineage with C1 dogs (Supplementary Fig. 8).

A review of the paleontological literature suggests that, in spite of the fact that homoplasy is rampant among mammalian clades with respect to the development of the hypocone, only among the notharctines do we find an alternative name for this cusp.

We examined the phylogenetic relationship of the entire mitochondrial genomes of HXH and CTC with a comprehensive panel of modern dogs across four major clades (A — D), modern wolves and coyotes, and previously reported ancient wolf - like and dog - like whole mitochondrial sequences5, 12.

In combination with an age of 315 ± 34 thousand years (as determined by thermoluminescence dating) 3, this evidence makes Jebel Irhoud the oldest and richest African Middle Stone Age hominin site that documents early stages of the H. sapiens clade in which key features of modern morphology were established.

Thus, regional / species specific variation in DNA gain and loss are primarily driven by clade specific / recent transposons interacting with open chromatin either in the male germ line, female germ line or early embryo.

Genetic changes found in a distinct clade of Enterovirus D68 associated with paralysis during the 2014 outbreak.

The ability to associate with multiple zooxanthellae clades is common in corals.

A landmark genomic study, with contributors from over two - dozen countries, shows the current problem of antibiotic resistant typhoid is driven by a single clade, family of bacteria, called H58 that has now spread globally.

In the short term, corals with flexible symbioses may shuffle or switch zooxanthellae; and an increase in the abundance of thermally tolerant zooxanthellae strains (such as those of clade D) is expected with an increasing frequency of bleaching conditions.

The env gene (complete gp160) of 10 viruses representative of the five primary clades A to E1 was amplified by PCR from viral RNA using specific primers, digested with XbaI and NotI and inserted in the same sites in the pNL - lacZ / env - Ren 2 with the resultin

Clade D Symbiodinium are present in higher abundances on some reefs than others, and these are often reefs exposed to relatively high levels of thermal stress or local stressors (e.g., sedimentation on reefs) with a history of coral bleaching.

Some clades have a similar structure to MSP3, with specific expansions.

While this view has been changing for some time, a revolution in our thinking came with the discovery of Lokiarchaeum («Loki») and other members of the «Asgard» clade of archaea through metagenomic sampling of ocean sediments in 2015.

bilaterians: A clade of animals whode members share: bilateral symmetry, are triploblastic (three tissue layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm), and with HOX genes in one or more clusters with the genes within a cluster arranged in the same order as the body parts they affect.

Maximum likelihood estimates for the TMRCA of each clade (x axis with the unit of kya), providing upper boundaries for population split times, were obtained using r8s.

Meredith et al.'s [22] younger dates for these clades may reflect the difficulties of timetree analyses for clades such as Mammalia that include taxa with a wide range of life history characters (e.g., baleen whales versus muroid rodents) and a correspondingly wide range of molecular evolutionary rates.

Our analyses support the grouping of placozoans, cnidarians and bilaterians into a eumetazoan clade, with demosponges as an earlier - branching lineage25, and reject the diploblast — triploblast phylogeny17 in favour of a more conventional «sponges first» tree19, 20 (Fig. 1d).

Individuals with APOE 3 — TOMM40 clade A haplotypes had a mean AAO of 73.31 years vs 72.93 years for APOE 3 — TOMM40 clade B. Thus, in this much larger study (total cases = 1594, total controls = 1190; total APOE 33 cases = 474, total APOE 33 controls = 701) than the original study (N = 34), we found a trend toward association but in the opposite direction than previously reported.

All clades are supported with a posterior probability of 1.

Consistent with being the most ancient member of the DAZ family, the Boule clade is much more widespread and divergent, including members of the major phyla of protostomes and deuterostomes, while all DAZ / DAZL homologs are clustered together in one branch.

This project produced data demonstrating that 185 CHIKV sequences associated with the 2014 Caribbean outbreak segregate into 2 well - supported clades, that multiple phylogenetic subclades are associated with clinical phenotypes, and that multiple international transmission events were observed.

Identification of significant phylogenetically informative sites at the nucleotide level revealed positions not only contributing to clade differentiation, but which are located at or proximal to codons associated with resistance to protease inhibitors (NS3 Q41) or polymerase inhibitors (NS5B S368).

Because the polyT repeat is reported as the key variant to define TOMM40 clades A and B, 12 we used this marker and APOE isoform information to perform analyses based on phylogenetic groups as described by Roses et al. 12 Haplotype phase was estimated using PHASE software.22 The phylogeny, which represents the evolutionary relatedness of the haploytpes, was estimated using neighbor - joining with 10 000 bootstrapping replicates in the CLC DNA workbench (CLC bio, Aarhus, Denmark)(Supplemental Figure 3; http://neuroscienceresearch.wustl.edu/Pages/cruchaga2011.aspx).