Sentences with phrase «with deeper ocean layers»

Regarding Antarctic sea ice expansion, according to Manabe et al 1991 (Part 1 of this set of papers), the cause is decreased mixing with deeper ocean layers, not increased as stated in the opening post.

Not exact matches

The rising temperatures cause layers of ocean water to stratify so the more oxygen - rich surface waters are less able to mix with oxygen - poor waters from the deeper ocean.

They compared isotope measurements on the silica skeletons of diatoms, which store environmental signals from the ocean's surface, with isotope signals from radiolarians, which live in deeper water layers.

Essentially, the researchers found that deeper warm water is increasingly mixing with the cool layer of water that traditionally lies atop the eastern part of the Arctic Ocean.

In the oceans, warmer weather is driving stronger winds that are exposing deeper layers of water, which are already saturated with carbon and not as able to absorb as much from the atmosphere.

A unique shade with an aqua fleck that resembles deeper layers of ocean water.

Now, for some purposes if you were looking at the very long term response to a very slowly varying radiative forcing, you might get away with treating the ocean with a deeper equivalent mixed layer.

The standard assumption has been that, while heat is transferred rapidly into a relatively thin, well - mixed surface layer of the ocean (averaging about 70 m in depth), the transfer into the deeper waters is so slow that the atmospheric temperature reaches effective equilibrium with the mixed layer in a decade or so.

The ocean is known to be thermally stratified, with a warm layer, some hundreds of meters thick, lying on top of a cold deep ocean (a).

And in the long term, human emissions would have to drop to ZERO in order to stabilize concentrations, because the deep ocean will eventually reach equilibrium with the surface layers.

It's what drives the atmospheric circulation and the ocean currents that mix the upper warm layers of the ocean with the deeper colder layers, and vice versa.

Presumably, it does take a lot of energy to move that much water faster, with the heat potentially being redistributed into deeper ocean layers associated with perhaps poorly understood fluctuations of the Antarctic convergence at depth?

If the surface layer of the ocean is not quickly exchanging energy with the troposphere, which it can do easily and quickly but retaining the energy, why is it not heating up far more rapidly, If you are saying it is getting rid of it to the deep oceans, how precisely is it doing this so quickly?

For example, as discussed in Nuccitelli et al. (2012), the ocean heat content data set compiled by a National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) team led by Sydney Levitus shows that over the past decade, approximately 30 percent of ocean heat absorption has occurred in the deeper ocean layers, consistent with the results of Balmaseda et al. (2013).

Also changes in ocean overturning processes would change mixing rate with the deep cold layers.

If there were no mixing in the ocean, the deep ocean would be a cold stagnant pool with a thin warm surface layer.

The rate of OHC uptake and solar are in the same order of magnitude, with an inertial lag, the deeper oceans would continue warming slowly while the upper layer flattens.

With the temperature of the deep oceans explained, all the sun is doing is warm the surface layer from ~ 275K to ~ 290K.

Notably the observations show greater warming in the deeper layers, with the strongest deep ocean warming occurring in the Atlantic & Southern Oocean warming occurring in the Atlantic & Southern OceanOcean.

Nor does residence time have anything to do with oceanographers» imaginary bottleneck in the boundary layer, where CO2 waits thousands of years for deep ocean sequestration to make room in the surface layer, constrained by equilibrium carbonate equations.

A boundary layer with a higher temperature requires the deeper ocean to have a higher temperature for it to sustain the same flux (deltaT) through the boundary layer to the atmosphere (the deeper ocean (< 1 mm) still needs to loose the solar energy or it would start boiling eventually).

For a method for that, may I encourage you to look at Roy Spencer's recent model on thermal diffusion in the ocean: More Evidence that Global Warming is a False Alarm: A Model Simulation of the last 40 Years of Deep Ocean Warming June 25th, 2011 See especially his Figure Forcing Feedback Diffusion Model Explains Weak Warming in 0 - 700 m layer as Consistent with Low Climate Sensitivity His model appears to be more accurate than the IPocean: More Evidence that Global Warming is a False Alarm: A Model Simulation of the last 40 Years of Deep Ocean Warming June 25th, 2011 See especially his Figure Forcing Feedback Diffusion Model Explains Weak Warming in 0 - 700 m layer as Consistent with Low Climate Sensitivity His model appears to be more accurate than the IPOcean Warming June 25th, 2011 See especially his Figure Forcing Feedback Diffusion Model Explains Weak Warming in 0 - 700 m layer as Consistent with Low Climate Sensitivity His model appears to be more accurate than the IPCC's.

Empirically, certain phases of ENSO are known to be associated with trends at the ocean surface that are the reverse of those at deeper layers, consistent with the notion that a positive surface warming is at times an ocean cooling event.

Physically, C1 can be thought of as representing the concentration of CO2 in long - term stores such as the deep ocean; C1 + C2 as representing the CO2 concentration in medium - term stores such as the thermocline and the long - term soil - carbon storage; and C = C1 + C2 + C3 as the concentration of CO2 in those sinks that are also in equilibrium with the atmosphere on time scales of a year or less, including the mixed layer, the atmosphere itself and rapid - response biospheric stores.

The Atlantic initiated the heat sequestration toward the end of the 20th century below 700 m. Indian Ocean's deeper layers warmed last and with much smaller amplitude.

However, I have repeatedly pointed out that the opposite is also possible because the deep ocean waters now returning to ocean surface could be altering the pH of the ocean surface layer with resulting release of CO2 from the ocean surface layer.

This fresh water, together with melt ‐ water from the melting ice pack in summer forms a permanent superficial layer (usually about 200m deep) of low salinity over the entire Arctic Ocean, without which much less seasonal ice would form.

Right: global ocean heat - content (HC) decadal trends (1023 Joules per decade) for the upper ocean (surface to 300 meters) and two deeper ocean layers (300 to 750 meters and 750 meters to the ocean floor), with error bars defined as + / - one standard error x1.86 to be consistent with a 5 % significance level from a one - sided Student t - test.

If the deep ocean were completely isolated so you just had to heat the mixed layer, you'd have an approximately exponential response with a the time scale for the of ~ 5 - 10 years.

The deep ocean below that tends to have only slow exchange of heat with the mixed layer.

How quickly most of the temperature rise occurs is pretty sensitive to assumptions regarding the deep ocean and its communication with the mixed layer.

Nor can one be confident that the contribution of subsea volcanic variability to deep - ocean temperature change is negligible in comparison with that from the atmosphere, particularly when the relative densities of the two media and the distance of the benthic layers from the atmosphere are taken into account.

In that diagram that top layer 1 mm deep and 0.3 C cooler than the ocean bulk remains day and night with no apparent change.

However, tropical storms cool the ocean surface through mixing with cooler deeper ocean layers and through evaporation.

Right: global ocean heat - content (HC) decadal trends (1023 J per decade) for the upper ocean (surface to 300 m) and two deeper ocean layers (300 — 750m and 750 m — bottom), with error bars defined as + / - one standard error x1.86 to be consistent with a 5 % significance level from a one - sided Student t - test.

To count the energy on the top layers and combine it with the energy rise in the deep ocean, which they hope is caused by greenhouse gases, is deceptive.

In such events, the oceans become stratified, with warm layers acting as «lid» on deeper, cooler water.

This is in fact what we are ostensibly seeing with «the ocean ate my global warming» hypothesis i.e. the hiatus is energy going into the deep ocean instead of the surface layer.

However the tidal currents coming into contact with the relief of the ocean bottom (even if this is very deep) creates waves which are propagated at the interface between two layers of different densities.

Callendar suggested that the top layer of the ocean, that interacts with the atmosphere, would easily become saturated with carbon dioxide and that would affect its ability to absorb more, because, he thought, the rate of mixing of shallow and deep oceanic waters was likely to be very slow.

But is that just in the mixed layer (or entrainment into it) or in the deep ocean, and does this include upwelling with subsequent mixing or merging with the mixed layer via heating, etc.?