Few remember that the Nixon administration conditioned federal aid to southern schools on their compliance
with desegregation court orders; that policy appears to have aided the desegregation efforts that federal courts were insisting upon.
Not exact matches
Even where, as in Charlotte, they and their liberal allies control the school board, they have pushed the counterintuitive argument that
courts should force the boards to continue busing on the grounds that they have not complied
with the original
desegregation decrees and need continued
court supervision.
Also at 12:45 p.m., Coalition of Westchester organizations hold a press conference and rally calling on the
court to enforce a 2009 desegregation order ahead of a hearing this afternoon on remedies to hold the county accountable for allegedly breaching its 2009 Consent Decree with HUD, steps of U.S. District Court, 500 Pearl St., Manha
court to enforce a 2009
desegregation order ahead of a hearing this afternoon on remedies to hold the county accountable for allegedly breaching its 2009 Consent Decree
with HUD, steps of U.S. District
Court, 500 Pearl St., Manha
Court, 500 Pearl St., Manhattan.
«The Oklahoma City case study suggests,» wrote Jellison, «that integration plans,
with a great deal of effort, can work more effectively and that
courts, rather than releasing districts from
desegregation plans after only several years of operation, should ensure that everything possible is being done to promote an integration plan's success.»
For more than a decade after Brown, southern states and school districts did little to desegregate their schools, and the
Court tolerated this foot dragging and in some ways encouraged it by proclaiming, ambiguously, that
desegregation had to occur
with «all deliberate speed.»
Like a growing number of other school districts, Denver is coming to terms
with the end of a
court desegregation order that for years profoundly influenced, and often dictated, many of the decisions about education policy made there.
Under the terms of a
court settlement reached
with the aid of a nationally known
desegregation researcher, the San Francisco Unified School District will open a currently unused facility to house the entire student body of a magnet middle school affected by the district's asbestos - cleanup program.
Before the 21st century, he notes, the federal government did not tell states and local school districts how to run their schools,
with the exception of areas like
desegregation and special education where there had been
court rulings.
Even the No Child Left Behind Act's requirement that school districts adopt a voluntary
desegregation plan, for instance, may conflict
with legal precedents set in most federal appeals
courts.
Nearly six years after Connecticut's landmark
desegregation order, the group that initiated the lawsuit that led to the ruling is asking the
courts to step in again — this time
with a plan of its own that proposes how state leaders should carry out the mandate.
No. 1, supra, at 461; Seattle Public Schools
Desegregation Planning Office, Proposed Alternative
Desegregation Plans: Options for Eliminating Racial Imbalance by the 1979 - 80 School Year (Sept. 1977)(filed
with the
Court as Exh.
One clear cause of this resegregation was the Supreme
Court authorizing the termination of
desegregation plans.40 Gary Orfield
with the UCLA Civil Rights Project explains, «segregation increased substantially after [integration] plans were terminated in many large districts.»
Alabama also enacted tuition grant state laws permitting students to use vouchers at private schools in the mid-1950s, while also enacting nullification statutes against
court desegregation mandates and altering its teacher tenure laws to allow the firing of teachers who supported desegregation.50 Alabama's tuition grant laws would also come before the court, with the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama declaring in Lee v. Macon County Board of Education vouchers to be «nothing more than a sham established for the purpose of financing with state funds a white school system.&r
court desegregation mandates and altering its teacher tenure laws to allow the firing of teachers who supported
desegregation.50 Alabama's tuition grant laws would also come before the
court, with the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama declaring in Lee v. Macon County Board of Education vouchers to be «nothing more than a sham established for the purpose of financing with state funds a white school system.&r
court,
with the U.S. District
Court for the Middle District of Alabama declaring in Lee v. Macon County Board of Education vouchers to be «nothing more than a sham established for the purpose of financing with state funds a white school system.&r
Court for the Middle District of Alabama declaring in Lee v. Macon County Board of Education vouchers to be «nothing more than a sham established for the purpose of financing
with state funds a white school system.»
Every private school participating in the voucher program must comply
with the color - blind policies of the federal
desegregation court orders.
-LSB-...] Our goal in filing a motion for further relief -LSB-...] was straightforward: The United States is seeking the
court's assistance in ensuring that the information Louisiana collects in connection
with its school voucher program is provided to the United States in a timely fashion and that Louisiana implements its program in full compliance
with federal law, including the
desegregation order in this case.
In a 1978 Journal of Negro Education, Harold Gerard wrote of his disillusionment
with desegregation of schools and his disagreements
with the evidence social psychologists presented to the Supreme
Court in 1954 saying (1983, p. 875):
«The department's request is fully consistent
with the Louisiana law that established the voucher program, which provides that the program is «subject to any
court - ordered
desegregation plan in effect for the school system in which the public school is located.
(a) Whenever the Attorney General receives a complaint in writing signed by an individual to the effect that he is being deprived of or threatened
with the loss of his right to the equal protection of the laws, on account of his race, color, religion, or national origin, by being denied equal utilization of any public facility which is owned, operated, or managed by or on behalf of any State or subdivision thereof, other than a public school or public college as defined in section 401 of title IV hereof, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly progress of
desegregation in public facilities, the Attorney General is authorized to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district
court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such
court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section.
(2) signed by an individual, or his parent, to the effect that he has been denied admission to or not permitted to continue in attendance at a public college by reason of race, color, religion, or national origin, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly achievement of
desegregation in public education, the Attorney General is authorized, after giving notice of such complaint to the appropriate school board or college authority and after certifying that he is satisfied that such board or authority has had a reasonable time to adjust the conditions alleged in such complaint, to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district
court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such
court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section, provided that nothing herein shall empower any official or
court of the United States to issue any order seeking to achieve a racial balance in any school by requiring the transportation of pupils or students from one school to another or one school district to another in order to achieve such racial balance, or otherwise enlarge the existing power of the
court to insure compliance
with constitutional standards.
After returning to her native Virginia in 2010, Green began to investigate the events in her hometown of Farmville, where community leaders closed the public schools in the 1950s rather than comply
with court - ordered
desegregation.
The Supreme
Court spelled out in the school
desegregation case Cooper vs. Aaron that states, including «the officers or agents by whom (the state's) powers are exerted,» must comply
with Supreme
Court decisions even if they disagree
with them.