Given that I think curve flattening may continue in 2018 — I am somewhat more comfortable
with duration risk than credit risk, at least in the United States.
Not exact matches
These
risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the
risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations
with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment
duration; availability of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases driven by federal and state grant cycles which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect of lowering prices or reducing the number of insured patients; the possibility of unfavorable results from clinical trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize cell therapies utilizing the zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the
risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of these products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination
with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other
risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed
with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).
You're still dealing
with all of the same bond
risks as every other investor when you buy individual bonds — interest rate
risk, credit
risk, inflation
risk,
duration risk, default
risk, etc..
Collins has adopted a more defensive position in the last 18 months, reducing
duration and credit
risk by scaling back overweight positions in high - yield and municipal bonds, but he's sticking
with allocations to intermediate term funds.
To manage
risk, we set targets for
duration, sector and credit quality factors which align
with our interest rate outlook, industry sector and credit views.
We recommend that you diversify your portfolio by placing bids in different loans,
with different
risk bands and loan
durations, to try to reduce
risk by limiting your exposure to any one loan.
While shortening
duration can help mitigate interest rate
risk, another approach to consider is one that balances exposure to the very front end of the curve
with exposure to intermediate maturities for additional yield potential and lower volatility, given that rates are likely to rise slowly and stay historically low for the foreseeable future.
However, an often overlooked element to fighting inflation
with ETFs like TIP is that some of these funds can have longer
durations, introducing interest rate
risk to the equation.
One query though, is the
duration risk not the same
with regular bonds and linkers?
Former Fed Governor Stein highlighted that Federal Reserve's monetary policy transmission mechanism works through the «recruitment channel,» in such way that investors are «enlisted» to achieve central bank objectives by taking higher credit
risks, or to rebalance portfolio by buying longer - term bonds (thus taking on higher
duration risk) to seek higher yield when faced
with diminished returns from safe assets.
As yields have fallen,
duration, or rate sensitivity, has risen, meaning that the
risk associated
with a change in rates has generally risen for most bond benchmarks and traditional funds.
His former colleague and incoming Federal Reserve Chair Powell also expressed a similar view, calling Fed's balance sheet expansion tantamount to «short volatility position,» and private capital displaced by Fed's outsized presence would «find something else to do,» such as adding
duration, credit and liquidity
risk with implicit understanding that the central bank «will be there to prevent serious losses:»
While all four countries have different
durations between 5.24 and 6.47, the U.S. has the shortest
duration of them all,
with the lowest
risk profile and the highest yield.
We are experienced providing
duration matching portfolios
with high levels of precision, while also determining the appropriate level of credit
risk necessary to generate incremental returns relative government bond portfolio alternatives.
Last week saw the same U.S. - Canada trade,
with equally weighted futures blocks also
with a September expiration, though for about half the
duration risk as Wednesday's transaction.
We are watching all of this play out real - time as fixed - income fund flows are broadly shunning sectors
with embedded credit and / or
duration risks, in favor of freshly attractive, and lower
risk, high - carry assets.
The study showed that breastfeeding is associated
with about a 10 percent lower
risk of several major cardiovascular diseases in later life among Chinese women, and breastfeeding
duration seemed to play a role.
Couch sharing is particularly risky, and the
risk of co-sleeping rises
with the
duration of bed sharing.
Longer breastfeeding
duration is further associated
with reduced maternal
risks of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and heart attack.»
A longer
duration of breastfeeding — for example more than 12 months (and this can be over several babies) is more protective, even if you are breastfeeding at all and whether you are mixed feeding
with some breast milk and some formula, your breast cancer
risks are reduced.
Additional studies are needed to assess the associations of breastfeeding
duration with the
risks of infectious diseases beyond the age of 6 months.
Most studies have revealed protective effects of breastfeeding on common infections in the first 8 to12 months of life.8, 27,29,30 One study, which distinguished between infectious diseases until and from the age of 6 months, revealed results similar to those from our study.24 Although the authors used exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months as the reference group, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months reduced the
risk of gastrointestinal tract infections between the ages of 3 and 6 months but not between the ages of 6 and 12 months.24 We can not explain why breastfeeding
duration was only associated
with lower
risks of lower respiratory tract infection from 7 to 12 months.
Indeed, a long
duration of breastfeeding (> 7 months) has been associated
with a reduced
risk of overweight and obesity, 2 while a short
duration (≤ 4 months) may not be sufficient to obtain the beneficial effects of breastfeeding.3 Another confounding factor is early exposure to antibiotics, which is increasing even for minor infections.
These findings agree
with the results of a British retrospective study demonstrating an increased
duration of gestation
with increasing coital frequency at all gestational ages up through 37 weeks.8 Similarly, low -
risk women delivering prematurely in another study were less likely to be sexually active than the full - term controls.10
Women who breastfeed for a shorter
duration or not at all are at higher
risk of many diseases, and they experience shorter birth intervals
with resulting negative health outcomes.
The intake of such supplementary fluids is associated in young infants
with an increased
risk of disease and a shortening of the
duration of breast - feeding.
-LCB- «id»: 54190833, «title»: «Moms whose babies have heart defects may have long - term heart health
risks», «
duration»: «0:58», «description»: «A new study says moms of babies
with heart health issues may have a higher
risk of their own heart problems.»
Furthermore, there was a statistically significant trend of decreasing
risk of RA
with increasing
duration of breastfeeding.
In a new study of over 7,000 older Chinese women published online today in the journal Rheumatology, breastfeeding — especially for a longer
duration — is shown to be associated
with a lower
risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Conversely, many researchers have observed a greater
risk of overweight in children and adolescents who had not been breastfed compared
with those who had16, 17 or who were breastfed a shorter rather than longer
duration.18 — 25 On the basis of a review of 11 studies, Dewey26 concluded that «the evidence to date suggests that breastfeeding reduces the
risk of child overweight to a moderate extent.»
This analysis including 7 studies20,23,25,37 - 39, 42 showed that any breastfeeding for more than 6 months compared
with a shorter
duration was associated
with a 17 % decreased
risk for childhood leukemia (OR, 0.83; 95 % CI, 0.72 - 0.96).
Given the length and
duration that a woman spends in labor, epidurals have proven to be a very beneficial pain management approach, outweighing the potential
risks associated
with them.
Ludvigsson et al (32) examined 8300 infants and demonstrated that the
duration of exclusive breast - feeding was not associated
with a lower
risk of atopic dermatitis, even among infants
with a family history of atopy.
Some of the many benefits a Postpartum Doula provides for you and your baby include: Better infant care skills Positive newborn characteristics Breastfeeding skills improve A healthy set of coping skills and strategies Relief from postpartum depression More restful sleep
duration and quality Education and support services for a smooth transition home A more content baby Improved infant growth translates into increased confidence A content baby
with an easier temperament Education for you to gain greater self - confidence Referrals to competent, appropriate professionals and support groups when necessary The benefits of skin to skin contact Breastfeeding success Lessen the severity and
duration of postpartum depression Improved birth outcomes Decrease
risk of abuse Families
with disabilities can also benefit greatly by learning special skills specific to their situation Families experiencing loss often find relief through our Doula services Improved bonding between parent and child.
Associations of early life
risk factors
with infant sleep
duration.
Additionally, the U.S. Nurses» Health Study found only women
with a lifetime
duration of breastfeeding of 2 years or more had a significantly lower
risk of coronary heart disease than those who never breastfed.
Breastfeeding is associated
with about 10 % lower maternal
risk of several major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in later life, and the magnitude of the inverse association was stronger among those
with a longer
duration of breastfeeding, according to a large, prospective, observational study among Chinese women.
Furthermore,
duration and intensity of breastfeeding have also been found to relate to SIDS levels,
with greater
duration and intensity leading to a lower
risk of SIDS [3].
Moreover, although this reduced the power of the multivariate analysis, the increased
risk of low MDI and total IQ scores associated
with a shorter
duration of breast feeding persisted after adjustment for each of the confounders, including the Raven score.
Shorter
duration of labor was significantly associated
with decreased
risk of delayed OL but only among women who did not receive pitocin to induce or augment labor.
A recent study indicates long
duration of lactation (at least 24 months) is associated
with a reduced
risk of heart disease in women.
In conclusion, findings from this meta - analysis suggest that breastfeeding, particularly a longer
duration of breastfeeding, was inversely associated
with risk of EOC.
This sample size should have provided sufficient statistical power to detect the putative association between ever breastfeeding and the
duration of breastfeeding
with risk of EOC.
You're also missing prepayment
risk (not a big deal but worth mentioning) as well as
duration conversion (you are exchanging financial instruments
with duration X for financial instruments
with duration Y).
Upon further analysis, these associations of BMI and weight change
with risk of T2D persisted across different categories of age, family history of diabetes, diet quality, physical activity, breastfeeding
duration and time since GDM pregnancy.
«The increases in prevalence reported herein are important because such youth
with diabetes will enter adulthood
with several years of disease
duration, difficulty in treatment, an increased
risk of early complications, and increased frequency of diabetes during reproductive years, which may further increase diabetes in the next generation,» the researchers write.
«Long - term use of drugs to curb acid reflux linked to doubling in stomach cancer
risk: Risk rose in tandem with dose and duration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment.&ra
risk:
Risk rose in tandem with dose and duration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment.&ra
Risk rose in tandem
with dose and
duration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment.»
The application of 10 - year Framingham
Risk Scores should be interpreted
with caution as the
duration of the BJN study was weeks not years and the number of participants was around 100, not reaching the scale of the Framingham studies.
Researchers found that the one - month
duration HRT, was associated
with a significant improvement in recurrence compared to the two - month
duration CRT and therefore would be reasonable to consider in men
with intermediate
risk prostate cancer and who do not have
risk factors that could predispose the patient to bladder side effects several years after the treatment is complete.
One of NASA's goals is to minimize the health
risks associated
with extended spaceflight, so it is critical that methods for preventing and treating spaceflight - induced illnesses be developed before astronauts embark upon long -
duration space missions.