These results are consistent
with empirical observation, reflecting the longer construction process for office properties relative to the other property types.
Concussion simulations that point to the corpus callosum are consistent
with empirical observations — patients with concussions do often have damage in the corpus callosum.
On the other hand, the alternate scenario — a non-zero «pre-eruption» aerosol burden — is both logically self - consistent, and in accord
with empirical observations, as I showed by citing the Robock paper.
Studying the behavior of the models may help much, but of course extensive comparison
with empirical observations is the second essential component of testing.
You'd think they'd be built into the climate models, yet the models aren't agreeing
with the empirical observations.
Not exact matches
An inductive,
empirical approach in a field such as anatomy would certainly demand more than that each new student start from scratch,
with only such general
observations as that people come
with parts such as heads, thoraxes, loins, thighs, hearts, kidneys, spleens and an assortment of tubes.
Rather than working
with a parsimonious specification of master trends, social laws, or correlations among variables, the analyst works
with a complex set of concepts and
empirical observations, piecing them together in ways that reveal underlying processes and interconnections.14
Thus, despite the fact that Wieman and others of similar persuasion found elements of Whitehead's philosophy congenial, and despite the fact that many others saw Wieman as a Whiteheadian, in retrospect one must conclude that Whitehead's influence on Wieman was very partial and that the influence of John Dewey,
with a resultant emphasis on
empirical observation and verification, was much more formative for Wieman's distinctively
empirical and pragmatic theology.
In modern science the term «theory», or «scientific theory» refers to a given explanation, consistent
with the scientific method, of
empirical observation.
But since human beings usually deal
with symbols (i.e., signs that already bear the imprints of prior interpretations),
empirical observations become more or less complete instances of symbolizings that are inherently subject to reinterpretations.
Schweitzer's ethical mysticism begins
with a reflective
observation of the finite world («I am urge - to - life»), moves to an
empirical generalization («in the midst of other wills - to - live»), is made cosmic by an intuitive insight, which is the completing or mystical element of thought («all is part of a cosmic or universal will - to - live»), and returns to the finite for experiential verification in ethical participation («Ethics alone can put me in true relationship
with the universe by my serving it, cooperating
with it; not by trying to understand it... It is through community of life, not community of thought, that I abide in harmony... [«The Ethics of Reverence for Life,» Christendom, Vol.
Some of these variations may owe more to ideology than to
empirical observation, and certainly some of them may be incompatible
with the Catholic faith.
Empirical observation confirms these conversions occur as Jesus stated and in accordance
with his formula.
(
Empirical observation) confirms these conversions occur as Jesus stated and in accordance
with his formula.»
Again, many
empirical observations could prove useful to teachers — for example, that intelligence can be improved
with sustained cognitive work — but there is no single accepted theory of intelligence.
This
observation is borrowed from a book of academic Robert Shiller, but I don't think it came
with empirical analysis, just a hypothesis.
I make this
observation not to ding Jim's paper, but to raise a really troubling problem for all academics: how to deal
with data from other scholars»
empirical work?
Still besides
empirical observations and good inferences, the models are what are available to work
with, and they serve several purposes quite well and they are the basis for improved models in the future.
The scientific method,
with its emphasis on replicable, quantifiable
empirical observations, is powerfully suited to the investigation of objective phenomena, but has a more difficult time
with the investigation of subjective phenomena.
At the end of that piece, he quoted Richard Feynman concerning the
empirical nature of the search for new scientific laws, and then closed
with this assertion: «The most important component of climate science is careful, long - term
observations of climate - related phenomena, from space, from land, and in the oceans.
Scientists can combine these
observations with empirical models of Earth's space environment and thus forecast space weather for the government, power companies, airlines, and satellite communication and navigation providers and users from around the world.
My own perspective on this is that it would be a significant departure from earlier work by Trenberth if he really came
with empirical evidence (i.e. data based on actual physical
observations, rather than simply model simulations) to support his position.
Fifth, even if real scientific investigation (which doesn't stop
with modeling but tests models by
empirical observation) could tell us that, say, falling 50 % short of net zero «carbon» emissions would raise GAT by, say, 3 ° C and that that, in turn, would cause significant harms, that wouldn't tell us how we ought to respond.
In a optimal comparison of
observations with a model every
empirical value should have a weight that varies only based on
empirical uncertainties in the particular value, not on it's closeness to either end of the full period.
They challenge this on rather solid
empirical grounds and
with physical arguments and data analysis that is every bit as scientifically valid as that used to support larger estimates, often obtaining numbers that are in better agreement
with observation.
One may compare the
empirical paleodata
with recent
observations and one may compare also
with projections to the future.
It has been said that CAGW, as outlined by IPCC in its AR4 report, is impossible to falsify or corroborate
with empirical scientific evidence from actual physical
observations or reproducible experimentation.
Because the models are not deterministic, multiple simulations are needed to compare
with observations, and the number of simulations conducted by modeling centers are insufficient to create a pdf
with a robust mean; hence bounding box approaches (assessing whether the range of the ensembles bounds the
observations) are arguably a better way to establish
empirical adequacy.
R. Gates, I'm curious to know why you think a paper about what happens in models of sea level into the future is much better than (or even has much to do
with) a critique of a paper analysing
empirical observations over the recent past?
As an alternative way, a number of (semi --RRB-
empirical models are based on
observations, aiming to associate cosmic - ray variations
with various solar and heliospheric parameters.
«There is a wealth of «
empirical evidence» from
observations of the surface energy balance at every observing site around the world
with relevant instruments and measurements.
I am concerned that this
empirical,
observation - based science that aligns
with cooling is not being addressed.
(34)
with the continuity equations (32)- (33) produces a meaningful result (37) that conforms to
observations and is directly testable from
empirical data.
Until this can be demonstrated
with empirical data based on real - time physical
observations or reproducible experimentation, we have an uncorroborated hypothesis of potentially alarming AGW.
When the Figure 9.20 is interpreted solely as a summary of analyses that tell, what we have learned from
empirical observations combined
with modeling needed in its interpretation, the information is given by the values of the curves at each value of S relative to the values of the same curve at other values of S.
In March 2005, Jan Veizer, one of Canada's top Earth scientists, published a comprehensive review of recent findings and concluded that «
empirical observations on all time scales point to celestial phenomena as the principal driver of climate,
with greenhouse gases acting only as potential amplifiers.»
The process should start
with a validation (
with empirical data based on physical
observations or reproducible experimentation) of the model - based hypothesis that AGW has been the primary cause of past warming and represents a serious threat to humanity and our environment.
There is a deep literature on the basic theory developed from first principles, models, experiments and
observations (in many areas of physics, chemistry, geology, biology), and a large published body of
empirical geophysical and biological evidence from real world systems, the majority of which is consistent
with this underpinning science.
With regard to the sample size required for valid application of this modeling approach, we are hesitant to speak of sufficient sample sizes, since a large number of observations with little score variation over time (as in our second empirical application) does not necessarily provide richer information than a smaller sample with more fluctuati
With regard to the sample size required for valid application of this modeling approach, we are hesitant to speak of sufficient sample sizes, since a large number of
observations with little score variation over time (as in our second empirical application) does not necessarily provide richer information than a smaller sample with more fluctuati
with little score variation over time (as in our second
empirical application) does not necessarily provide richer information than a smaller sample
with more fluctuati
with more fluctuations.
These conditions were selected for study because all are managed
with complex medical regimens, require regular monitoring, medication, or dietary intervention, are relatively common in the pediatric age group, and because
empirical data and clinical
observations indicate that effective family adaptation is critical to successful management of these conditions.