Sentences with phrase «with free electron»

CrystFEL is a suite of programs for processing Bragg diffraction data acquired with a free electron laser in a «serial» manner.

Disappearing stripes linked with free electron movement: Scientists used a precision microscope to simultaneously explore electrons» arrangements and movements as charge carriers called holes were added to transform a copper - oxide material from an insulator to a superconductor.

The comparatively loosely held bonding electrons, along with the free electrons present in metals, can move in response to these electrical forces, however.

Not exact matches

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

China is joining the elite club of countries that have equipped researchers with the potent sources of high - energy photons called free electron lasers (FELs).

Half a century ago, the theorist Walter Henneberger wondered if it was possible to free an electron from its atom with the laser field, but still make it stay around the nucleus.

He said the free electrons on the leaf's surface then interact with water, catalyzing its split into oxygen on the leaf's light side and hydrogen on the dark side.

In the study published in Nature Physics, they were able to carefully follow, one x-ray at a time, the decay of nuclei in a perfect crystal after excitation with a flash of x-rays from the world's strongest pulsed source, the SACLA x-ray free electron laser in Harima, Japan.

Free radicals are chemicals with unpaired electrons — their rampant reactivity comes from the urgent need for the lone electrons to find partners in another molecule.

The original publication «Quantum Imaging with incoherently scattered light from a free - electron laser» was published in Nature Physics.

Last year, along with researchers led by Brookhaven / Columbia University School of Engineering physicist Simon Billinge, the team established the first firm link between the disappearance of the density wave within the pseudogap phase and the emergence, as stated by Davis, of «universally free - flowing electrons needed for unrestricted superconductivity» [see: https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=11637].

«This is the first time an experiment has directly linked the disappearance of the density waves and their associated nanoscale crystal distortions with the emergence of universally free - flowing electrons needed for unrestricted superconductivity,» said lead author J.C. Séamus Davis, a senior physicist and Director of DOE's Center for Emergent Superconductivity at Brookhaven Lab and also a professor at both Cornell University and the St. Andrews University in Scotland.

The key to a solar cell's efficiency is getting those live electrons to stay free long enough to be collected at the negative terminal, which is doped with positively charged phosphorus as a lure.

Despite existing in a solid and being surrounded by atoms, these electrons can sometimes behave just like free electrons, albeit with an «effective mass» that may be different than the free electron mass.

Electron - starved acids gravitate towards electron - rich areas on other atoms, while bases with «free» electrons attack atoms that are electrElectron - starved acids gravitate towards electron - rich areas on other atoms, while bases with «free» electrons attack atoms that are electrelectron - rich areas on other atoms, while bases with «free» electrons attack atoms that are electronelectron poor.

They also pose a challenge to theoreticians to come up with a detailed model for the negative ion chemistry that is associated with low energy free electron scattering.

He is a scientist with BioXFEL (Biology with X-ray Free Electron Lasers), a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center composed of eight U.S. research universities that is headquartered at UB.

As part of this initiative, the CAMERA team combined efforts with Ruslan Kurta, a physicist at the European XFEL (X-ray free electron laser) facility in Germany, to analyze angular correlations from the experimental data and use CAMERA's multi-tiered iterative phasing (M - TIP) algorithm to perform the first successful 3D virus reconstructions from experimental correlations.

«Right now we are working on improving the time resolution with various experiments with XUV light, for instance for free electron lasers.

Teeth and nails are good for measuring radiation because they pick up free radicals (atoms, or ions, with unpaired electrons) created by ionizing radiation and can retain them for long periods of time, says Harold Swartz, a Dartmouth Medical School professor of radiation oncology and director of the Dartmouth Biodosimetry Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation.

Researchers simulated the environment found inside these planets by creating shock waves in plastic with an intense optical laser at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) instrument at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory's X-ray free - electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS).

A common catalyst is benzoyl peroxide, which when heated has the habit of splitting into two fragments, each with one unpaired electron, or free radical.

For example, instead of stealing an electron from double - bonded carbons or a nearby propagating chain, the carbon atom with the free radical sometimes steals an entire hydrogen atom from another chain end.

By 2016, Boeing is scheduled to transfer its free electron laser technology from Jefferson Laboratory and other participating labs, in order to demonstrate a 100 - kilowatt prototype that is compatible with operation on a ship.

A recent study at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory successfully used this technique at an X-ray free - electron laser for the first time with the element selenium as a marker.

Together with scientists from the University of Regensburg, physicist Martin Mittendorff and his colleagues from the HZDR managed to develop, build, and test a reliable detector to measure the time in the terahertz range at free - electron lasers.

When the electric fields within the plasma are removed, none of the electrons are trapped in the plasma system leaving the electrons free to interact with the confining magnetic wall: the plasma pressure force does work on the magnetic boundary.

In the presence of excess vitamin C, which provides electrons to the system, it shows remarkable catalytic activity in water, the best obtained to date with cadmium - free quantum dots.

An X-ray beam of such intensity will, of course, destroy any microscopic object it irradiates, but with free - electron lasers the diffraction event is faster than the coulombic explosion, so data can still be obtained.

With fewer free electrons bouncing around, the ionosphere reflects radio waves differently.

By combining two simple, inexpensive, metal - free catalysts, they sped the cell's slower reaction, taking protons and electrons derived from the hydrogen fuel and combining them with oxygen to pump out water, a reaction known as the oxygen reduction reaction.

My students & I have done research with and / or work at: Argonne National Laboratory's - Advanced Photon Source - Synchrotron Argonne National Laboratory's - Center for Nanoscale Materials The Jefferson National Lab's Free Electron Laser Facility Fermilab: Dark Energy Survey Camera, Cryogenic Search for Dark Matter (CDMS) and COUPP Dark Matter Bubble Chamber.

«What is really interesting to me is that you can potentially focus the beam down to a small size, and then you would really have a system that competes with X-ray free - electron lasers,» Minor said, which opens up the possibility of electron imaging of single biological particles.

Free - electron lasers have opened new frontiers in studying materials and chemistry at the nanoscale and beyond, and Filippetto said he hopes to pave new ground with HiRES, too, using a technique known as «ultrafast electron diffraction,» or UED, that is similar to X-ray diffraction.

And new X-ray free - electron lasers, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory can produce beams a billion times brighter than traditional synchrotron sources with femtosecond - timescale pulses — promising unprecedented exploration of chemical dynamics.

S. Huang, Y. Ding, Y. Feng, E. Hemsing, Z. Huang, J. Krzywinksi, A. A. Lutman, A. Marinelli, T. J. Maxwell, and D. Zhu, «Generating single - spike hard x-ray pulses with nonlinear bunch compression in free - electron lasers,» Phys.

So you can look at the same kinds of processes that you can look at with an X-ray free - electron laser, but with an electron eye.»

Abstract: We have investigated multiphoton multiple ionization dynamics of argon and xenon atoms using a new x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facility, SPring - 8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) in Japan, and identified that highly charged Xe ions with the charge state up to +26 are produced predominantly via four - photon absorption as well as highly charged Ar ions with the charge state up to +10... ▽ More We have investigated multiphoton multiple ionization dynamics of argon and xenon atoms using a new x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facility, SPring - 8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) in Japan, and identified that highly charged Xe ions with the charge state up to +26 are produced predominantly via four - photon absorption as well as highly charged Ar ions with the charge state up to +10 are produced via two - photon absorption at a photon energy of 5.5 keV.

These opportunities include the use of short - pulsed X-ray sources for extracting time - dependent structural information from proteins; and the revolutionary new possibilities created by X-ray Free Electron Lasers, which combine ultrafast X-ray pulses with high brilliance focussing capabilities to create an entirely new regime of pre-damage time - resolved serial femtosecond crystallography on unprecedented time - scales.

Here, we demonstrate that MISC is feasible at an X-ray free electron laser by studying the reaction of M. tuberculosisß - lactamase microcrystals with ceftriaxone antibiotic solution.

A free electron can interact with a photon in a process called Thomson scattering: the electron is accelerated and the incident light is polarised along the direction of motion of the electron.

Free radicals are molecules with an odd number of electrons.

Free radicals are atoms, ions, or molecules that have at least one unpaired electron in their structure, with certain ions and complexes being an exception.

Free radicals like reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) are molecules missing an electron, making them highly unstable and capable of destructive interactions with lipids, DNA, and proteins.

Free radicals aren't satisfied with stealing only electrons from the lipid cell membrane.

And, if you follow that sort of progression that I just mentioned, if you have functioning superoxide dismutase, but not glutathione or glutathione peroxidase, then you're stuck with too much hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide is one electron away from being another free radical.

These free radicals then react with other molecules in an attempt to «steal» an electron in order to become electrically balanced.

Free radicals, on the other hand, are highly unstable molecules that have an unpaired electron with an extra negative charge.

Simply put, a free radical is any molecule with a single, unpaired electron.

Also, milk thistle inhibits certain enzymes that promote free radical production, along with maintaining the electron - transport chain of cell mitochondria during stressful conditions.