By bringing together seemingly disparate disciplines, bioinformatics has united the foot soldiers of scientific research: Computer scientists find themselves sharing coffee
with gene hunters, programmers sit in on molecular biology seminars, and biologists and technologists share bylines on research papers.
Not exact matches
First Farmers (Middle East and Europe 3,000 - 14,000 years ago) Analyses of hundreds of genomes show how early Middle Eastern farmers spread to Europe, mixed
with hunter - gatherers and adapted to agricultural diets, including through a lactase
gene mutation that allowed people to drink milk after childhood.
They discovered that several genetic variants in the
hunter - gatherers were linked to a
gene associated
with physical performance, which they hypothesise could be part of the physiological adaptation to cold.
The map allows
gene hunters to get away
with less (and thus cheaper) DNA sequencing while still, it's hoped, homing in on disease
genes.
For years, the favored recipe for making a modern European was this: Start
with DNA from a
hunter - gatherer whose ancestors lived in Europe 45,000 years ago, then add
genes from an early farmer who migrated to the continent about 9000 years ago.
The researchers also analyzed
genes with known phenotypic association and show that some of the
hunter - gatherers likely had blue eyes and darker skin, whereas the early farmers had lighter skin and brownish eyes.
In the coming months, plummeting costs will allow
gene hunters to start routinely working
with complete human genome sequences.
Although Jack and Malcolm had never met F2F, they were a tight team
with a good rep on the Distributed Biology Network:
gene hunters who amplified bacterial DNA from soil and water samples, shotgun sequenced it, and identified
genes that weren't in the catalogs.
A 7000 - year - old
hunter - gatherer found in a Spanish cave has a genome surprisingly similar to modern humans,
with blue eyes and a host of immunity
genes
And it significantly replaced the local
hunter - gatherer
genes across Europe
with the indelible stamp of steppe DNA, as happened in Britain
with the migration of the Bell Beaker people to the island.
At least 20
genes under positive selection in cats are associated
with vision - related pathways, which fits
with the importance of visual acuity for these natural - born
hunters.
This will require bringing together the functional experts (molecular biology, model organisms, and reverse genetics)
with the «
gene hunters» as well as a serious commitment from funding agencies.
In addition, the data reveal that this was a more genetically diverse population than the central and western European
hunter - gatherers living during the same epoch and that they also show pattern of adaptation to high latitude environments, including high frequencies of low pigmentation variants as well as a
gene region associated
with physical performance, which shows strong continuity into modern - day northern Europeans.
Some scientific problems
with modern paleo movement include: 1) dogmatic insistence on the Raymond Dart model of «man the
hunter», which has been contested and supplanted in paleoanthropology for decades; 2) ignorance about the speed of evolutionary adaptation, for example our very recent acquisition of lactase persistence and high amylase
gene number; 3) focus on the diets of 80 - 10,000 years ago, dismissing the 40 million years when our lineage were predominantly herbivorous forest dwellers.
The Primal Blueprint: Reprogram your
genes for effortless weight loss, vibrant health, and boundless energy by Mark Sisson is a journey through human evolution, comparing the life and robust health of our
hunter - gatherer ancestors
with a day in the life of a modern family.
Underlying insulin resistance (low insulin sensitivity) is thought to be associated
with a «thrifty
gene» (16), which once enabled
hunter - gatherers to utilize food efficiently, but is disadvantageous when combined
with an affluent lifestyle.