The IC - S was designed to measure participants» cultural orientation and originally included four dimensions of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism but for the purposes of the present study only the two horizontal dimensions of individualism and collectivism were utilized which we conceptualized as more relevant to close interpersonal relationships than the vertical dimensions which is more concerned
with hierarchical power structures.
Not exact matches
Hierarchical attitudes about the importance and
power associated
with different kinds of church - work make it difficult for pastors to convey the idea that different gifts for ministry are suited to different offices.
Which means as long as we continue living as if the old order is not passing away, as if nothing is being made new, as if the resurrection of Jesus had no transforming
power and the
hierarchical structures of this world still reign, then we proclaim
with our lives that the gospel is anything but good news.
The political argument for involving parents and other community members more substantially carries along
with it an explicit challenge to the traditional,
hierarchical leadership and
power structures in schools.156 According to Leithwood and Prestine (2002), the policies and reforms that call for decentralized decision making rest on certain important assumptions about the role of the principal and other school leaders.