Studies of Texas and Indiana comparing demographically similar districts showed that those with lower suspension rates tended to have achievement and graduation numbers that were equal to or better than
those with higher suspension rates.
Comparing schools with similar demographic characteristics, suspended students are more likely to reoffend, and schools
with higher suspension rates do worse academically overall.
«With all things being equal [i.e. controlling for race, socio - economics, and school type],» Black says, «academic achievement is lower in schools
with higher suspension rates.»
The current study can not draw causal conclusions, but altering the structural characteristics of schools associated
with higher suspension rates should be considered in future reform efforts.
Schools
with higher suspension rates also have greater teacher attrition and turnover.
The UCLA Civil Rights Project (PDF, 30.3 MB) has found that schools
with high suspension rates are less safe, less equitable, and have lower academic outcomes.
Table 3 - 1 sorts schools into two groups,
those with high suspension rates (0.05 or greater) for African - American students and those with low rates (less than 0.05).
Middle schools
with high suspension rates were 50.9 % of the middle school sample in 2013; for high schools, the figure was 41.5 %.
Let's dig deeper into the disproportionate number of suspensions received by black students and see how schools
with high suspension rates for black students differ from schools with low rates.
According an Education Week interview with one of the researchers involved in the report, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Chicago are districts that have many schools
with high suspension rates.
For example, Montana and Idaho were shown to have the smallest suspension gap between African American and white students, but were among eight states in the nation
with the highest suspension rates for Native American students (Losen & Gillespie, 2012).
Brown in his veto message said the bill would have required the state schools chief to keep a list of schools
with high suspension rates and invite the districts to attend meetings to discuss the problem.
Based off this short list of the schools
with the highest suspension rates, charter schools are not making the same improvements in decreasing suspensions that district schools have shown.
Not exact matches
The Relay is made
with avid joggers in mind and it has
high ratings for the premium
suspension system, so important to smooth out the ride when you're going fast.
The report, which used data from the State Education Department, also found that
suspension rates are
higher in districts
with charters.
The
suspension rate for these children is nearly twice as
high at 10.2 %, compared to just 5.3 % for those living
with two married parents.
A review establishes that the
higher suspension rates for black students in the district were primarily due to the harsher attendance rules at the schools
with majority black enrollment.
To the contrary, when schools serving similar populations were compared across the state of Indiana, and poverty was controlled for, those schools
with relatively low
suspension rates had
higher, not lower test scores
It may also be that these are simply bad schools,
with weak leadership, low - quality teaching, and a broken climate, and their
high suspension rates are an indicator of campuses that are barely keeping it together.
Youth enrolled in special education also experience
higher rates of
suspension: in 2011, students
with disabilities were suspended at twice the
rate of nondisabled students.
In the five years since adopting the SEL - oriented approach, Washoe schools have seen
higher rates of attendance and scores on state reading and math tests, and fewer disciplinary infractions and
suspensions among students
with higher social and emotional skills.
Schools
with large populations, schools exclusively serving middle school grades (e.g., grades six to eight), and schools serving a
high proportion of poor or black students are all associated
with elevated
suspension rates for African - Americans.
The commissioner may also place under preliminary registration review any school that has conditions that threaten the health, safety and / or educational welfare of students or has been the subject of persistent complaints to the department by parents or persons in parental relation to the student, and has been identified by the commissioner as a poor learning environment based upon a combination of factors affecting student learning, including but not limited to:
high rates of student absenteeism,
high levels of school violence, excessive
rates of student
suspensions, violation of applicable building health and safety standards,
high rates of teacher and administrator turnover, excessive
rates of referral of students to or participation in special education or excessive
rates of participation of students
with disabilities in the alternate assessment, excessive transfers of students to alternative
high school and
high school equivalency programs and excessive use of uncertified teachers or teachers in subject areas other than those for which they possess certification.
Leveraging donations from businesses and foundations, along
with district funding, it manages a number of L.A. schools where test results were poorest, dropout
rates highest,
suspensions rampant and parents dissatisfied.
A major reason for doing so is that racial disparities associated
with suspensions are glaring: Suspensions of African - American students occur at rates three to four times higher than the state average for al
suspensions are glaring:
Suspensions of African - American students occur at rates three to four times higher than the state average for al
Suspensions of African - American students occur at
rates three to four times
higher than the state average for all students.
The study sorted schools into two groups:
High -
suspension -
rate schools, those
with black
suspension rates of 5 percent or
higher, and low -
suspension -
rate schools, those
with black
suspension rates of less than 5 percent.
(Calif.) Past studies have established that, separately, Black children and students
with disabilities face disproportionately
high suspension rates.
States
with particular
high stakes policies tend to have
higher discipline
rates, defined as the unduplicated count of students removed from school by school personnel or hearing officers and students serving long - term
suspensions.
That is why, as Neufeld describes, Ascend schools depart from a punitive and proscriptive disciplinary model
with associated
high rates of referrals and
suspensions.
The agreement proposes to evaluate a teacher's effect on students» learning in part
with an unusual mix of individual and school - wide data from such sources as state standardized tests,
high school exit exams and district assessments, along
with rates of
high school graduation, attendance and
suspensions.
We know from the legislation that districts
with high chronic absence, out - of - school
suspension, and dropout
rates will be given priority when grants are awarded.
Districts
with high rates of chronic absence, out - of - school
suspensions, and school drop outs will be given priority for these grants aimed at improving student outcomes by reducing truancy and supporting students who are at risk of dropping out of school or are victims of crime.
The administration and the House Appropriations Committee also proposed elimination or severe cuts, respectively, to the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program.45 Currently funded
with more than $ 1 billion, this program provides enrichment opportunities in safe environments to more than 1.6 million students per year, 46 70 percent of whom are students of color.47 Much of this funding supports after - school programs, but 21st CCLC also funds before - school and summer programs.48 Research indicates that participation in 21st CCLC is linked to better attitudes toward school,
higher rates of school attendance, fewer
suspensions, and better performance in school, among other outcomes.49 In addition, many of these programs provide students
with snacks or meals.50
Summary: A new study looking at the costs associated
with suspending students in California finds that taxpayers are on the hook for billions of dollars each year due to the impact of
suspensions, which can lower the
high school graduation
rate.
Instead, the two sides agreed to evaluate teachers
with such data as raw state test scores, district assessments,
high school exit exams and
rates of attendance, graduation,
suspensions and course completion.
Low performance on the Smarter Balanced standardized tests combined
with high levels of chronic absenteeism and
suspension rates were the most common factors that resulted in the low CORE scores.
Among
high schools, 38.5 % have
high suspension rates, compared to 29.9 %
with low
suspension rates.
Schools enrolling a greater percentage of black students exhibit
higher suspension rates for black students than schools
with fewer black students.
The proportion of
high -
suspension -
rate schools increases in tandem
with increased poverty.
Large schools stand out,
with more schools identified as
high -
suspension -
rate schools (38.2 %) than low (22.4 %).
Middle schools have the largest percentage of
high -
suspension -
rate schools, 42.9 %, surpassing the 31.5 % of middle schools
with a low
suspension rate.
Almost two - thirds (62.2 %) are low -
suspension -
rate schools, yet nearly half of the schools
with black enrollment larger than 16 % are
high -
suspension -
rate schools (47.5 %).
Schools
with more students qualifying for free and reduced price meals, a proxy for poverty, have
higher African - American
suspension rates than schools in wealthier communities.
The middle size group in the table, schools
with 201 - 1,300 students, are also more likely to evidence low
suspension rates,
with about twice as many lows as
highs (51.3 % v. 26.0 %).
In Los Angeles,
suspension rates vary school - to - school: The study found 54
high schools
with large
suspension numbers, but the district also had 81
high schools
with low
suspension rates.
The
highest rate of
suspension was seen at the middle school level where
rate of
suspension of students
with special needs is 1.8 - 2.3 times
higher than that of students in general education.
The most recent 2016 report shows that chronic absence affects 7.3 % of California elementary school students,
with disproportionately
high rates of absenteeism and
suspensions for youth of color, as well as low - income, homeless, foster and special education students.
The authors of the report tie
high suspension rates to other adverse outcomes, including low graduation
rates and involvement
with the juvenile justice system.
ACE & DCP Charter schools registered the
highest suspension rates of mainstream
high schools in Santa Clara County,
with 1 in 5 students suspended in the 13 - 14 school year.
If you are not accountable for whether they graduate or not, whether there is
high grade retention, or
high rates of
suspension or expulsion, then you pave the way for a totally inefficient system even
with good intentions of trying to raise test scores.