Sentences with phrase «with highest albedo»

Clouds with highest albedo have large droplets.

Most of it doesn't come out again, at least not as visible light (water isn't like a cloud, with a high albedo from multiple elastic scattering).

This means the existing ice becomes more persistent, fresher (with a higher melting / freezing temperature), with a higher albedo.

(3) Increasing the Earth's albedo, by, among other things, requiring the use of high albedo roofing materials on all new construction, even requiring the replacement of older, low albedo roofs with higher albedo materials.

Not exact matches

Due to the positive feedback caused by the high albedo of snow and ice, susceptibility to falling into snowball states might be a generic feature of water - rich planets with the capacity to host life.

With higher precipitation, portions of this snow may not melt during the summer and so glacial ice can form at lower altitudes and more southerly latitudes, reducing the temperatures over land by increased albedo as noted above.

This in combination with the drop in greenhouse gases has resulted in the acceleration of the existing ice age; now self - perpetuating as glaciers have a much higher albedo.

[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)

That is, by decreasing the (rather high) Bond albedo of Earth one could increase rate of entropy production, which is inconsistent with a MEP state.

Thick clouds about to rain are not the same as thick (fluffy, high albedo) clouds with lots of pollution caused CCN.

A simple counterexample illustrates this: consider two massive cloud layers with equal shortwave albedo, one at high altitude, one at low altitude.

For instance, the effect of soot making snow and sea ice darker has a higher efficacy than an equivalent change in CO2 with the same forcing, mainly because there is a more important ice - albedo feedback in the soot case.

This is probably a confusion with the urban heating issue, but the actual impact is the opposite — croplands have a higher albedo than forests, reflect more solar radiation, and are thus cooler.

This thicker multiyear ice takes longer to melt back (both because of greater thickness and higher albedo than first - year ice) and so in conjunction with the weather it is responsible for more extensive ice in the late summer in this region.

Actually more the opposite (if their analysis were correct) since the clouds under consideration have a higher greenhouse effect associated with them, not a higher albedo effect.

It is not that the polar regions are amplifying the warming «going on» at lower latitudes, it is that any warming going on AT THE POLES is amplified through inherent positive feedback processes AT THE POLES, and specifically this is primarily the ice - albedo positive feedback process whereby more open water leads to more warming leads to more open water, etc. *** «Climate model simulations have shown that ice albedo feedbacks associated with variations in snow and sea - ice coverage are a key factor in positive feedback mechanisms which amplify climate change at high northern latitudes...»

This albedo has been changing over recent decades and is responsible for most ocean warming with the increased maintained higher solar levels.

«Climate model simulations have shown that ice albedo feedbacks associated with variations in snow and sea - ice coverage are a key factor in positive feedback mechanisms which amplify climate change at high northern latitudes...»

I attribute this to rapidly retreating snow cover and sea ice replacing high albedo surfaces with low albedo.

Also, if you want to compare the percent change in albedo of 0.134 (too high, but assume it correct for the moment) with a 1 % reduction, the latter would be 1 % of about 100 W / m ^ 2, not 1 % of 340 W / m ^ 2, and would yield a value of about 1 W / m ^ 2.

Open and closed cell cloud formation dynamics are driven by sea surface temperature — with cooler surfaces favoring closed cells and higher planetary albedo.

However, I am not a «warmista» by any means — we do not know how to properly quantify the albedo of aerosols, including clouds, with their consequent negative feedback effects in any of the climate sensitivity models as yet — and all models in the ensemble used by the «warmistas» are indicating the sensitivities (to atmospheric CO2 increase) are too high, by factors ranging from 2 to 4: which could indicate that climate sensitivity to a doubling of current CO2 concentrations will be of the order of 1 degree C or less outside the equatorial regions (none or very little in the equatorial regions)- i.e. an outcome which will likely be beneficial to all of us.

(7) A requirement that building retrofits conducted pursuant to a REEP program utilize, especially in all air - conditioned buildings, roofing materials with high solar energy reflectance, unless inappropriate due to green roof management, solar energy production, or for other reasons identified by the Administrator, in order to reduce energy consumption within the building, increase the albedo of the building's roof, and decrease the heat island effect in the area of the building, without reduction of otherwise applicable ceiling insulation standards.

The Arctic provides an early indicator of global climate change through feedback systems associated with factors such as the high albedo of snow and ice [Holland and Bitz, 2003].

Logic says stations in higher latitudes with cooling trends could result in greater ice cover with a resultant increase in Earth's albedo and if continued long enough could snuff out any warming trend.

The albedo reduction was the most pronounced for the snow with higher soot content, and it was observed immediately following soot deposition.

A slight change of ocean temperature (after a delay caused by the high specific heat of water, the annual mixing of thermocline waters with deeper waters in storms) ensures that rising CO2 reduces infrared absorbing H2O vapour while slightly increasing cloud cover (thus Earth's albedo), as evidenced by the fact that the NOAA data from 1948 - 2008 shows a fall in global humidity (not the positive feedback rise presumed by NASA's models!)

In this article I present prima facie evidence that the ongoing natural increase in spring insolation occurring at high northern latitudes, coupled with the positive feedback effect of the resultant snow and ice loss reducing the region's mean albedo over summer, comprises just such a causative agency.

This north / south asymmetry has grown since perihelion was aligned with the winter solstice seven to eight centuries ago, and must cause enhanced year - on - year springtime melting of Arctic (but not Antarctic) ice and therefore feedback warming because increasing amounts of land and open sea are denuded of high - albedo ice and snow across boreal summer and into autumn.

The 21st century can be expected to be with lower solar activity, less deflection of cloud - seeding galactic cosmic rays, higher average cloud cover, a more reflective planetary albedo, and a cooler planet..

For example, FWIW Wikipedia tells me that a Stevenson screen needs to be painted every two years to keep a constant high albedo so that the temperature inside is in equilibrium with air at 2 meters, and not perturbed by some sort of radiative equilibrium with SWR.

GMT drops initially at glacial inception in response to decreased summer radiation at high northern latitudes that would have led to equatorward extension of sea ice and snow cover with associated cooling from increased albedo.

Cloud condensation nuclei: Aerosol particles that provide a platform for the condensation of water vapor, resulting in clouds with higher droplet concentrations and increased albedo.

Replacement of forests with shorter vegetation together with the normally assumed higher albedo could then cool the surface.

The fact of the matter is that IPCC has relied in AR4 on models, which assume a strongly positive net feedback from clouds, while subsequent physical observations show that the primary impact of clouds with warming is increased albedo and higher SW reflection resulting in an overall negative cloud feedback.

I remember it also coincided with a higher earth albedo.

And I think you hit the nail on the head with: «5) Once we scientifically - oriented Skeptics accept the reality of the Atmospheric «greenhouse effect» we are, IMHO, better positioned to question the much larger issues which are: a) HOW MUCH does CO2 contribute to that effect, b) HOW MUCH does human burning of fossil fuels and land use changes that reduce albedo affect warming, and, perhaps most important, c) Does the resultant enhanced CO2 level and higher mean temperature actually have a net benefit for humankind?»

We have imprecise data with respect to albedo (Trenberth in his paper has albedo measurements varying between 27.1 and 35.8 % and others have it is high as 40 % and the albedo is constantly changing) and imprecise data with respect to the amount of solar energy absorbed by the atmosphere and imprecise data as to the amount of solar energy reflected by the atmosphere.

Carter et al. [1] do not appear to be aware that temperature buffering effects due to high evaporative rates in the tropics and tropical islands, loss of ice albedo in the poles, and other factors, result in that global temperature increases rise rapidly with higher latitude [4],

As with warming, we would expect higher latitudes to be more sensitive to cooling due to the ice albedo feedback, which in this case is from growing ice coverage, so this makes sense to me.

This decline in snow cover is significant because, compared with other land cover types, snow has a very high albedo and climate feedbacks are felt on local, regional, and even hemispheric scales.

They claim higher albedo for high zenith angles, agreeing with work published by Paine in 1972, which also as indicated in your # 101 Wiki link above.

In the almost sure knowledge that the earth never experienced a runaway greenhouse even with ancient CO2 levels 10 to 20 times greater than today, these anti-science scoundrels insist with a «high level of confidence» that this amplification is real and it's based on nothing more than faster than expected surface temperature rise in the past few decades which can be TOTALLY explained by multi-decadal cyclic behavior in ocean currents, trade winds, and / or solar magnetic activity causing small global average albedo changes.

The climate models with the mixed layer oceans underestimate both the subtropical low cloud cover and the high - latitude sea ice / surface albedo, and consequently have a smaller warming response to OHT.

This change is explained by a decrease in subtropical and mid-latitude low cloudiness, along with a reduction in high - latitude surface albedo due to decreased sea ice.